Biology tow

• What is photosynthesis and what does it do

  Photosynthesis absorbs energy from the environment via light to convert water and co2 into glucose and oxygen
• Where does photosynthesis take place

  photosynthesis takes place in the chloroplast whcih contrast chlorophyll a green sticky substance which absorbs light
• Is photosynthesis endothermic or exothermic

  Endothermic
• What is the word equation for photosynthetphotosynthesis

  water + co2 ——> ( light ) —-> glucose + oxygen
• limiting factors of photosynthesis (4)

  Light intensity

  co2 concentration

  temperature

  and chlorophyll ( can be damaged via environmental stress / illness/ nutrient lack )
• Plants use of glucose (5)

  1. Respiration - energy trasnfer From glucose , rest of glucose plant converts into useful resources
  2. starch - plants converts glucose into starch which helps strengthen the plants cell walls
  3. making amino acids - glucose + nitrate acids turned in to lipids which from proteins
  4. stored as oil of fats , glucose turned into lipids which is tired in seed
  5. stored in starch in roots and leaves for winter they r insoluble which is better that glucose as it can cause swelling due to water increase
• symbol equation for photosynthesis?

  6CO2 + 6H2O + light energy -> C6H12O6 + 6O2
• Practical using Candian pondweed 


  Used to measure light intensity on rate of photosynthesis

  • source white light and place specific distance from pondweed
  • left to photosynthesise land oxygen collect in carpillary tube
  • at end syringe used to draw gas bubbles in tube and using rule measure length of Gas bubbles
• What do the gas bubbles tell us in th pondweed practical ?

  they are proportional to co 2 made
• how many times do we repeat the pondweed practical and do we chnage any variables ?

  Repeat twice than chnage variable

  • can chnage :
  • light intensity / apparatus altered / concetraion of water sodium hydrogencarbinate pondweed dissolved in
• Controlled variable in pondweed practical ?

  Temp / time
• What factor can you change in the Canaan pondweed practical ?

  The concentration of solution the pondweed is in eg water or sodium hydrogen carbonate
• What do the follow image tell you

  1. light intensity and two increase rat of ohtpsyngEd increase , lines lvl off when light no longer limiting factor
  2. as light intently and co2 increases the rate of photosynthesis increases as well , line lvl off when light no longer limiting factor . Co2 is a limiting factor at 0.04

  
• What does the following graph show you

  Light increases so does photosynthesis also does howveer the rat of hot synthesis soo increasing as co 2 and Tom at now tf e limiting factor

  need to us light meter for below

  
• What does the following graph show you

  As the level of co2 increases photosynthesis also increases hiwvwer it stops increasing because now temp And light need to increase .co2 no longer limiting factor

  
• What does the following graph tell you

  The graph tells us that as the temp increases light intensity increases however we have reached the temperature where enzymes denature so the rate of photosynthesis slowly drop as the enzyme dmage
• Why is temp usually the limiting factor

  Because of temp too low enzyme wok slower

  if temp to high enzymes denature and damage
• Why is respiration 


  Recitation is a exoteric reaction which all living things do it involves the breakdown of glucose to transfer energy( every cell in the body does this continuously )
• What are three exmple of how the energy transferred from resporaion used

  1 mammals and bird use th energy to keep warm in colder climates

  2 used to help muscles contract

  3 used to build up smaller molecules to larger pnes
• What Is metabolism 


  Rate of all te reactions taking place in an prganism
• What ia aerobic respiration

  Aerobic respiration using glucose and oxygen to form co2 and water
• How often does aerobic respiration to place in plants and animals

  All the time
• Where do most of he reactions for aerobic respiration take place ?

  In the mitochondria
• When is anaerobic respiration used 


  When there is a lack of oxygen
• Why is anaerb respiration less effective and a last resort

  Is caused muscle pain due to th build up of active acid and the glucose isn’t fully oxidised
• Word equation for Anaerobic respiration ?

  Glucose equals lactic acid
• plants and yeast can respire without oxygen and form ethanol and co 2
• Glucosequals ethanol + co2
• Anaerobic Respiration in yeast cell femrnation , wor and beer and co2 for fermentation make bread rise
• Long periods of exccise can cause muscle fatigue or Anaerboic respiration which leads to lactic acid build up
• muscles get enrgy from respiration to contract , the ore contraction th more energy demand

  more respiration = more oxygen

  so the breath volume and rate increases as well as the heart rate in order to pump blood around and get rid of cp2
• How to measure breathing rate

  Couting breath , pulse measure , heart rate

  record these change in different exercises

  record afterwards

  plot in bar will increase based on intensity of exercise

  redo to reduce error as group
• Anaerobic respiration leads to oxygen depth
• Why is oxygen depth

  Extra amount of oxygen but body need to react to remove built up acid and remove from cells . Oxygen reacts and form harmless water and co2 - have to repay oxygen that muscle didn’t get in time

  breathe harder to get more O2
• what does it mean when your Pulse breathijg rate is high

  Lactic acid and co2 in body is still high
• what is another way the body gets rid of lactic acid

  Transport it to the liver and its converted into glucose