3

• Polar covalent bond


  Formed when atoms of slightly different electronegativity share electrons
• Polar covalent bond


  • Difference in electronegativity between bonded atoms is between 0.5-1.9
  • Examples: HCl, O-H in water
• Formation of polar covalent bond

  1. Atoms share a pair of electrons

  2. More electronegative atom pulls the shared pair of electrons towards itself

  3. Developing a partial negative charge on the more electronegative atom

  4. And a partial positive charge on the less electronegative atom
• Electronegativity


  A measure of the tendency of an atom to attract a bonding pair of electrons
• Electronegativity trend in periodic table


  • Increasing from left to right
• Covalent Bond


  Bond formed between atoms that have similar electronegativity, where they share electrons to achieve octet configuration and become more stable
• Nonpolar covalent bond


  • Formed between same atoms or atoms with very similar electronegativity (difference in electronegativity less than 0.5)
  • Shared pair of electrons between atoms
• Nonpolar covalent bond


  • Cl-Cl
• Formation of nonpolar covalent bond

  1. Each Cl atom shares one electron

  2. C÷ => Cl-Cl