M: AnaPhy

• how many times does the heart pumps when sleeping?

  30
• scientific study of the heart and the disease associated with it

  cardiology
• physicians who specialize on this field

  cardiologist
• where the heart lies

  mediastinum
• opposite the apex and is its posterior aspect

  base
• formed by the tip of the left ventricle

  apex
• functions of the heart

  1. generating blood pressure
  2. ensuring one way blood flow
  3. routing blood
  4. regulating blood supply
• outermost layer; dense irregular connective tissue; prevents overstretching

  fibrous pericardium
• superficial layer; membrane that supports and surround the heart

  pericardium
• 2 serous pericardium:

  1. parietal serous pericardium
  2. visceral serous pericardium
• forms double layer around the heart

  parietal serous pericardium
• also called as epicardium; adheres tightly to the surface of the heart

  visceral serous pericardium
• thin film of lubricating serous fluid between parietal and visceral pericardium

  pericardial fluid
• transparent outer layer of the heart wall and is compose of mesothelium

  epicardium
• responsible for the pumping action of the heart and is composed of cardiac muscle tissue

  myocardium
• thin layer of endothelium overlying a thin layer of connective tissue

  endocardium
• blood vessels carrying blood TOWARDS the heart

  veins
• blood vessel carrying blood AWAY from the heart

  arteries
• on the anterior surface of each atrium is the auricle which is a wrinkled pouch
• pulmonary circulation; receives blood from the three veins

  right atrium
• three veins:

  1. superior vena cava
  2. inferior vena cava
  3. coronary sinus
• valve between the right atrium and right ventricle; consist of three cusps

  tricuspid valve
• found below the right atrium

  right ventricle
• separate right and left ventricle

  interventricular septum
• blood passes from the right ventricle through the pulmonary valve into large artery called the pulmonary trunk, which divides into right and left pulmonary arteries and carries blood to the lungs
• systematic circulation; forms most of the base of the heart

  left atrium
• blood passes from the left atrium into the left ventricle

  bicuspid valve (mitral)
• thickest chamber of the heart

  left ventricle
• Blood passes from the left ventricle through the aortic valve into the ascending aorta. The remainder of the blood passes into the

  arch of the aorta and descending aorta (thoracic aorta and abdominal aorta).
• Because they are located between an atrium and a ventricle, the tricuspid

  and bicuspid valves are termed atrioventricular (AV) valves.
• The aortic and pulmonary valves are known as the semilunar (SL) valves

  because they are made up of three crescent moon–shaped cusps
• Moves blood between the heart and the lungs

  pulmonary circulation
• Right side of the heart is the pump for pulmonary circulation; it receives all of

  the dark-red deoxygenated blood returning from the systemic circulation.
• Moves blood between the heart and the rest of the body

  systemic circulation
• Left side of the heart is the pump for systemic circulation; receives bright-red oxygenated blood from the lungs.
• Coronary arteries supply oxygenated blood to the heart muscle, and cardiac veins drain away the blood once it has been deoxygenated.
• Left coronary artery passes inferior to the left auricle and divides into the

  anterior interventricular and circumflex branches.
• supplies oxygenated blood to the walls of both ventricles.

  anterior interventricular branch
• lies in the coronary sulcus and distributes oxygenated blood to the walls of the left ventricle and left atrium.

  circumflex branch
• Right coronary artery supplies small branches (atrial branches) to the right

  atrium.