Conflict and tension

• Impacts of WW1 on Germany

  -people had been lead to believe germany was winning the war due to propaganda from the government.

  -2mil soldiers killed

  British blocked their ports

  Widespread starvation
• impacts of WW1 on the US

  Joined in 1917

  Only lost 100k

  No land used
• Armstice


  11th November 1918
• Impacts of ww1 on France

  2mil homeless

  Danger of unexplored bomb shells

  Most fighting took part in France

  1mil killed

  3/4 country destroyed
• Impact of ww1 on Belgium

  Needed help and money to rebuild

  Germany stole their resources

  Occupied by Germany for 4 years

  Destroyed land
• Impacts of WW1 on Russia

  2mil killed

  Treaty of Brest-litovsk
• Treaty of Brest-Litovsk


  Treaty in which Russia lost substantial territory to the Germans. This ended Russian participation in the war (1918).
• Impact of ww1 on GB

  Owed 1bil to USA

  1mil

  In debt
• Self-determintation


  the right of people to choose their own form of government
• Plebiscite


  vote of the people where they decide who governs them
• mandate


  An order granted by the LoN to a member nation for the establishment of a government over a conquered territory
• Fourteen Points


  A series of proposals in which U.S. president Woodrow Wilson outlined a plan for achieving a lasting peace after World War I

  A manifestation of Diplomatic idealism

  4 main goals - world peace/no war/disarmament, resolving territorial issues, self determination, LoN to be set up
• Treaty of Versailles


  the treaty imposed on Germany by the Allied powers in June 1919 after the end of World War I which demanded exorbitant reparations from the Germans:

  6bil reparations

  Alsace-Lorraine to France

  Saar under international control

  Gave up colonies

  Demilitarisation of the Rhineland

  100k men

  36 ships (6 second class)

  No airforce or submarines

  No Anschluss
• Article 231 (War Guilt Clause)


  clause of the Treaty of Versailles that dealt the harshest punishment to Germany; placed sole responsibility for the war on Germany's shoulders; Germany had to pay severe reparations to the Allies
• November Criminals


  German Leaders who signed Treaty of Versailles.
• Diktat


  The German term for the Treaty of Versailles which they were forced to sign without being allowed to negotiate any of the details. This was an important factor in the anti-Versailles resentment of later years.
• Impacts of diktat


  Germany lost 10% of land, 16% coalfields, 50% metalwork industry, 12.5% population

  Blow to German economy and caused hyperinflation later in 1921
• When was the Treaty of Versailles signed?

  June 28, 1919
• Clemenceau nickname


  tiger
• Clemenceau's beliefs of tov

  he was the only one who believed the Germans had not been punished harshly enough and that Germany's problems were self inflicted
• ToV government's etc


  (Wilson, us congress, Lloyd george, Orlando 🇮🇹)
• when was woodrow wilson

  March 4, 1913, until March 4, 1921
• when was Clemenceau


  1906 to 1909 and again from 1917 until 1920.
• when was Lloyd george


  (1916-22)
• Treaty of Trianon


  1920 peace treaty

  Hungary

  give up land, cut back it's weapons, pay reparations to France and gb
• treaty of sevres


  1920 peace treaty

  turkey

  gave land up, mainly to Greece

  Turkey refused, instead signed Treaty of Lausanne 1923, allowing them to keep some land (Smyrna)
• Treaty of St Germain


  1919 peace treaty

  Austria

  give up land, cut back weapons, pay reparations to France and Britain
• treaty of Neuilly


  1919 peace treaty

  Bulgaria

  give up land, cut back weapons, pay reparations to France and Britain
• Clemenceau's main likes of ToV

  military restrictions on Germany

  gaining Alsace Lorraine

  reparations
• Clemenceau's main dislikes of ToV

  League of Nations

  Saar only controlled by LoN for 15 years

  not harsh enough
• Lloyd George's likes of ToV

  Punishment of Germany

  Mandates for ex-german colonies

  Naval restrictions
• Lloyd George's dislike of ToV


  He wanted to re-establish trade links with germany
• Wilson's opinion on ToV

  liked - LoN

  
  

  disliked - Reparations

  failure to agree on disarmament for all countries

  failure to implement self-determination for all countries
• Ruhr 1912


  France and Belgium invaded the Ruhr in 1912 as Germany never paid off its reparations
• league covenant


  signed promise that a country had to make before joining the LoN to protect one another if invaded
• Wilson's plan for the LoN

  All major nations join

  Everyone would disarm

  Disputes between countries would be discussed & resolved by the league

  Covenant

  Stop trade and send in troops if necessary to member states that broke the rules
• abysinnia


  Dec 1934 - claims Wal Wal oasis

  Emperor's appeal ignored

  Jan 1935 - Mussolini moves army to Ethiopia

  April - stresa pact

  July - ban on arms sales

  4 SEP - neither side resposible according to Lon, Mussolini rejects part of abysinnia

  Oct - full scale invasion with tanks, planes, gas

  Dec - GB & France give Mussolini 2/3 of abysinnia

  2nd may 1936 abysinnia annexed
• Manchuria


  SEP 1931 - controls south, claims Chinese placed bombs to sabotage

  1932 - overthrew Chinese rulers, set up puppet gov, bombed Shanghai

  China appealed, Japan claims to be solving dispute

  SEP - Lon presents report, Manchuria should return to china

  Japan invaded Jehol after leaving Lon march 1933
• ww1


  1914-1918
• ww2


  1939-1945