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• Parenting Styles


  • Authoritative child-rearing
  • Authoritarian child-rearing
  • Permissive or indulgent child-rearing
  • Uninvolved parenting
• Authoritative child-rearing


  Makes use of positive reinforcement and seldom use punishment, can be both demanding and responsive
• Authoritarian child-rearing


  Characterized by a high level of demand and may not be that responsive to their children's need, the primary important thing for them is to maintain control, get irritated when questioned and may use physical force to ensure obedience
• Permissive or indulgent child-rearing


  Manifested by parents who are lenient and give their children freedom to do what they like, make few demands on their children to take household responsibilities
• Uninvolved parenting


  Refers to those who do not respond to their children's needs or even demand from them any behavioral expectations
• Family Stressors


  • Addition of a family member
  • Loss of a family member
  • Sudden or unexpected changes in the family
  • Ongoing conflict in the family
  • Having a sick member in the family
  • Experience of demoralizing event
  • Family daily hassles
• Factors that makes families resilient in the midst of adversity

  • Positive outlook
  • Spiritual values and support groups
  • Open, supportive communication
  • Adaptability
  • Informal social support
• Positive outlook


  Helps a person or the family deal with any difficulty situation creatively, allows you to turn adversities into opportunities, gain insight with each experience so that you become a stronger person
• Spiritual values and support groups

  Spirituality is a comfort during difficult times, praying releases pent-up emotions and relaxes the body and mind, the amount of support one receives in stressful times is significantly related with the resilience of the family
• Open, supportive communication


  Facilitates ways to understand the stressor and collaborative efforts are brought about from each member to cope positively with it
• Adaptability


  Families that are capable of adapting crises and are willing to embrace them respond more effectively to difficult situations, able to bounce back from the state of disintegration to one of resilience
• Informal social support


  The support that one receives from the family, as well as the support that the family receives from others, allows them to feel that there are people around them and that they are not alone, helps families cope well in trying times