Unit 1: Movement towards indepence

• What were the 3 main reasons for the French Vs. Indian war?

  Fur trade, Land, and Indian relations
• What was the start of the French and Indian war?

  English attack against the French in Fort Duquesne
• Who won the French vs Indian war?

  British
• What were some advantages that the British had during the French and Indian war?

  Naval power, Large population, alliances with Native American tribes, and strong leadership.
• What were some disadvantages that the French had during the French and Indian war?

  Limited resources and a small population
• Who created the Albany plan

  Benjamin Franklin in 1754
• What was the Albany plan?


  A promise for the colonies to work together. Failed because the British Parliament refused it
• What was the Battle of Quebec?


  Turning point of the war

  Happened on September 13, 1759

  British victory because of their surprise attack

  French surrenders in America a year later on September 6, 1760
• What treaty ended the French and Indian war?

  Treaty of Paris: Signed on Feb 10, 1763

  French surrenders all land in North America to british
• What was the result of the French and British war?

  British gained control of over half of the North American continent, everything east of the Mississippi river and Spanish Florida

  British gov. faced pressing financial problems and owed a lot of money
• What was the proclamation line of 1763?


  Boundary line established by the British government after the French and Indian War to prevent colonists from settling west of the Appalachian Mountains.
• What was the glorious revolution?

  Peaceful regime change in England

  1688- James had a son and a new heir to the throne. James abdicated with very little fighting
• What was the English bill of rights?

  Signed by William and Mary in 1689
• What did the English bill of rights include?

  1. Could not suspend law
  2. Could not impose taxes or raise army without parliament consent
  3. Free speech
  4. Banned excessive bail, cruel and unusual punishment
  5. Strengthened parliament
  6. Right to an impartial jury
  7. Influenced Americas bill of rights and placed limit on monarch power.
• What was the enlightenment?

  Intellectual movement where they applied natural law and reason to social, political, and economic relationships
• Who were some of the major philosophers in the enlightenment?

  Jean Rousseau: Give freedom up for protection

  John Locke: Life, Liberty and Property

  Baron de Montesquieu: 3 branches of government and power should not be concentrated

  Thomas Hobbes: Governments is necessary for order and made the social contract
• What were the four main enlightenment ideas?

  1. Natural rights
  2. Social contract
  3. Right to revolt
  4. Popular sovereignty
• What was the American revolution?

  1775-1783

  War fought between British and the colonists
• What were the navigation acts?

  1756

  King George 3 used an old law to make the colonists pay taxes on goods shipped in English ships
• What were the writs of assistance?

  Search warrants
• Sugar act of 1764


  Lowered taxes from the molasses act
• Stamp act of 1765


  Placed taxes on any articles written on paper
• Sons of liberty


  Radical group of revolutionaries who wanted seperation from england
• Quartering act of 1765


  Colonies must provide for salaries, housing, and supplies for British soldiers
• Townshend act of 1767


  Placed taxes on glass, lead , paint, and tea. Used to pay salaries of colonial officers
• Daughters of liberty


  Organised themselves to teach each other how to make their own cloths and other things
• Boston massacre


  March 5, 1770: Townspeople pushed to the customs house and the British guards called for help. Crowd threw stones, wood and more to the soldiers
• Boston tea party in 1773

  British old tea even more cheaply than smuggled tea so colonists dressed up as native Americans, boarded the tea ships and tea was dumped overboard
• Intolerable act of 1774

  closed port of Boston and banned town meetings
• First continental congress


  59 delegates

  Direct response to the intolerable act

  Met in philadelphia in 1774
• October 1774: Colonial delegates from all colonies meet in carpenter hall to write "Declaration of rights" to King George in hope for peace
• King George refused to allow American colonists representation in parliament
• "Shot heard round the world" - April 18th 1775, General Gage send British troops to Lexington and Concord and April 19th minutemen fired on British troops
• 2nd Continental congress: Met in Philadelphia in May 1775. They sighed the olive branch petition and on July 4th 1776, the Declaration of independence was signed.
• Articles of Confederaton


  Adopted by the Continental congress on November 15, 1777

  Served as the written document that established the US national government functions after Great britain independence was declared
• African American soldiers


  Gov. of VA promised freedom to enslaved Africans who fought for the British causing states to ignore ban on African Americans soldiers and enlist them
• Women


  Women also fought - Deborah Sampson disguised herself as a man and took over duties as a man, Abigail Adams: Championed women interest and wrote to her husband to defend women rights
• Loyalist treatment


  Some loyalist fought for britain

  Some spied on patriots for britain

  Some fled to England while those who remained were punished and some were arrested
• Continental congress had no power to raise money through tax so congress and states printed paper money which led to inevitable inflation
• New York, June 1776: General Howe arrives with 32,000 troops and Washington barely escapes to NJ