HIP

• Pelvis


  Region where the trunk and lower limb meet; a "basin"

  
• Functions of the pelvis

  • Transmit the weight of the body from the vertebral column to the femurs
  • Contain, support and protect the pelvic viscera
  • Provide attachment for trunk and lower limb muscles
• Composition of the pelvis

  • 2 hip bones (ilium, ischium and pubis)
  • Sacrum
  • Coccyx

  
• False pelvis (greater pelvis)


  Superior region, part of the abdomen
• True pelvis (lesser pelvis)

  Inferior parts of the pelvic bones, sacrum, coccyx; bony canal through which the child passes during birth
• Pelvic bone (innominate bone)


  Union of 3 bones (ilium, ischium, pubis)
• Ilium


  • Flat, fan-shaped bone; forms a little less than the upper two-fifths of the acetabulum
• Ischium


  • L-shaped, forms the floor of the acetabular fossa, posteroinferior two-fifths of the articular surface
• Pubis


  • Ventral part of the hip bone, forms the anterosuperior fifth of the articular surface (acetabular fossa)

  
• Iliac spines


  • Anterior superior iliac spine (ASIS)
  • Anterior inferior iliac spine (AIIS)
  • Posterior superior iliac spine
  • Posterior inferior iliac spine (PIIS)
• Acetabulum


  • Hemispherical cavity on the lateral aspect of the innominate bone, forms the socket of the hip joint

  
• Acetabular fossa


  • Central floor, rough and non-articular; contains teres ligament, fat, synovial membrane and blood vessels
• Acetabular labrum


  • Ring of fibrocartilage that surrounds the circumference of the acetabulum
• Femur


  • Strongest and longest bone of the human body, associated with striding gait and weight/muscular forces
• Femoral head


  • Proximal area forms about 2/3 of a sphere, articulates with the acetabulum

  
• Femoral neck


  • Connects the head to the shaft at an angle of c.125°
• Femoral trochanters


  • Greater trochanter
  • Lesser trochanter
• Intertrochanteric line


  • Prominent ridge at the junction of the anterior surfaces of the neck and shaft, attachment: iliofemoral ligament

  
• Intertrochanteric crest


  • Smooth ridge at the junction of the posterior surface of the neck with the shaft
• Quadrate tubercle


  • Located in the upper half of the intertrochanteric crest, insertion: quadratus femoris
• Greater sciatic foramen


  • Formed by the greater sciatic notch and the sacrotuberous and sacrospinous ligaments, provides an exit from the pelvis into the gluteal region
• Lesser sciatic foramen


  • Formed by the lesser sciatic notch and the sacrotuberous and sacrospinous ligaments
• roinferior


  Aspect of its junction with the neck
• INSERTION: ILIOPSOAS


  Muscle that inserts here
• Fovea capitis


  Small depression located on the center of the head, for the attachment of the ligament of the head (LIGAMENTUM TERES)
• Intertrochanteric line


  A prominent ridge at the junction of the anterior surfaces of the neck and shaft, attachment: ILIOFEMORAL LIGAMENT

  
• Intertrochanteric crest


  A smooth ridge at the junction of the posterior surface of the neck with the shaft
• Quadrate tubercle


  Located in the upper half of the intertrochanteric crest, INSERTION: following foramen by the presence of SACROSPINOUS AND SACROTUBEROUS LIGAMENT

  
• Greater sciatic foramen


  Formed by the greater sciatic notch of the hip bone and the sacrotuberous and sacrospinous ligaments, it provides an exit from the pelvis into the gluteal region

  
• Lesser sciatic foramen


  Formed by the lesser sciatic notch and the sacrtuberous and sacrospinous ligaments
• Shaft


  Long bone, narrowest centrally, smooth and rounded anteriorly. ORIGIN: VASTUS LATERALIS, VASTUS MEDIALIS, VASTUS INTERMEDIUS. INSERTION(POSTERIOR SURFACE: ADDUCTOR MAGNUS
• Linea Aspera


  Prominent broad and rough crest on posterior shaft (has lateral and medial edges) INSERTION: PECTINEUS, ADDUCTOR LONGUS, ADDUCTOR BREVIS

  
• Gluteal tuberosity


  Superior to the linea aspera, below the greater trochanter. INSERTION: GLUTEUS MAXIMUS
• Spiral Line/ Pectineal Line


  Continuation of intertrochanteric line which curves under lesser trochanter and around the shaft of the femur to meet with the medial margin of the linea aspera. INSERTION: PECTINEUS mm (COMB MM)

  
• Trochanteric Fossa


  Small depression on the medial surface of the greater trochanter
• Anatomic axis


  Represented by a line through the femoral shaft
• Mechanical axis


  Represented by a line connecting the centers of the hip, knee and ankle
• Angle for inclination/Neck shaft angle


  Angle in the frontal plane, between the axis of the femoral head and neck and longitudinal axis of the femoral shaft
• Center edge angle / Angle of Wiberg

  Measure of the acetabular depth; formed by a line connecting the lateral rim of the acetabulum and the center of the femoral head and a vertical line from the center of the femoral head
• Angle of anteversion/ Angle of torsion/ Femoral torsion


  Angle in the transverse plane, an innate medial twist of the femur. From a superior-inferior view, line bisecting the femoral head, neck and head on the proximal femur and another line connecting the medial and lateral femoral condyles at the distal femur