Non-communicable disease (NCD) health 4th quarter week 1-3

• Non-communicable disease is non-infectious or non-transferable disease and are not caused by pathogens or disease- causing organisms such as bacteria or viruses, but rather, by how people live, by the conditions which they are born or by hazards around them
• Non-communicable diseases account for 7 of the world's top 10 causes of death, a sharp increase from two decades ago, and heart disease remains the leading cause of death globally
• Heart disease has remained the leading cause of death at the global level for the last 20 years, but it is now killing more people than ever before, representing 16 per cent of total deaths from all causes
• The number of deaths from heart disease increased over fourfold, from 2 million since 2000, to nearly 9 million in 2019
• Alzheimer's disease and other forms of dementia are now among the top 10 causes of death worldwide, and deaths from diabetes increased by 70 percent globally between 2000 and 2019
• Deaths from tuberculosis reduced by about 30 percent
• Non-Communicable Diseases (NCDs)


  • Complex etiology (causes)
  • Non-contagious origin
  • Multiple risk factors
  • Long latency period
  • Prolonged course of illness
  • Functional impairment or disability
• Types of Non-Communicable Diseases (NCDs)

  • Cardiovascular disease (CVD)
  • Cancer
  • Chronic respiratory disease
  • Diabetes
  • Chronic neurologic disorders
  • Arthritis/Musculoskeletal diseases
• Cardiovascular Disease (CVD)


  A group of disorders of the heart and blood vessels, and may include heart and vascular diseases
• Heart (cardio) Diseases


  • Congenital heart disease
  • Congestive heart failure
  • Arrhythmia
  • Rheumatic heart disease
  • Myocardial infarction (heart attack)
• Vascular (blood vessel) Diseases

  • Arteriosclerosis
  • Cerebrovascular disease (Stroke)
  • Hypertension or High Blood pressure
  • Aneurysm

  
• Cardiovascular Diseases (CVDs) are the #1 cause of death globally
• An estimated 17.3 million people died from CVDs in 2008 (30% of all global deaths)
• 7.3 million were due to coronary heart disease and 6.2 million were due to stroke

  
• Diabetes


  A disorder of metabolism – the way the body uses digested food for growth and energy
• A serious stroke can cause death
• A person with both a first-degree relative (a patient or sibling) and a second-degree relative (uncle or grandparent) who suffer from heart disease before the age of 60


  Is nearly 10 times more likely to suffer from heart disease early in life
• People who live alone

  Are twice as likely to have a heart attack or sudden cardiac death as those who live with a partner or roommate
• Negative emotions and emotions

  Are risk factors for heart attack and stroke
• Happier people


  Are less likely to develop heart disease
• CVDs are the #1 cause of death globally
• 7.3 million were due to coronary heart disease
• 6.2 million were due to stroke
• Over 80% CVD deaths occur in low- and middle-income countries
• By 2030, almost 25 million people will die from CVDs
• Diabetes


  A disorder of metabolism - the way the body uses digested food for growth and energy
• That may result to weight loss, lack of energy and shortness of breath
• Type I diabetes


  Is the result of little or no insulin produced by the pancreas, usually begins before the age of 40
• Type II diabetes


  Is the result of too little insulin produced by the pancreas or failure of the insulin to function normally, most often begins in overweight adults

  
• Main Symptoms of Diabetes

  • Urination (Polyuria)
  • Thirst (Polydipsia)
  • Hunger (Polyphagia)
• 347 million people worldwide have diabetes
• In 2004, an estimated 3.4 million people died from consequences of high blood sugar
• More than 80% of diabetes deaths occur in low- and middle-income countries
• WHO projects that diabetes deaths will increase by two thirds between 2008 and 2030
• Healthy diet, regular physical activity, maintaining a normal body weight and avoiding tobacco use can prevent or delay the onset of type 2 diabetes
• Dangerous Complications of Diabetes

  • Numbness or tingling in the feet
  • Blurred vision
  • Low blood sugar (called hypoglycemia)
  • Passing out
  • Diabetic coma
• Benign tumor


  Masses of cells that are not cancerous and do not spread

  
• Malignant tumor


  Masses of cells that are cancerous, may spread to other parts of the body by moving along the blood vessels or through the lymph system

  
• Most Common Cancers


  • Skin
  • Colon and Rectum
  • Lungs
  • Reproductive Organ
  • Breast
  • Bone marrow

  
• Cervical Cancer


  Cancer of the female reproductive system, two cell types present (squamous and glandular), 99% of cases linked to genital infection with human papillomavirus (HPV)