long quiz 2

• Critical Incident Stress Debriefing

  is a specific, 7-phase, small group, supportive crisis intervention process.

  a supportive, crisis-focused discussion of a traumatic event

  small, homogeneous groups who have encountered a powerful traumatic event.
• Facilitators

  Specially trained team of 2 to 4 people depending on the size of the group

  One of the team members is a mental health professional and the others are "peer support personnel".
• Main Objectives

  ● The mitigation of the impact of a traumatic incident

  ● The facilitation of the normal recovery processes and a restoration of adaptive functions in psychologically healthy people who are distressed by an unusually disturbing event

  ● It functions as a screening opportunity to identify group members who might benefit from additional support services or a referral for professional care.
• Conditions for the Application of the CISD Process

  ● The small group (about 20 people) must be homogeneous

  ● The group members must not be currently involved in the situation.

  ● Group members should have had about the same level of exposure to the experience.

  ● The group should be psychologically ready and not so fatigued or distraught that they cannot participate in the discussion.
• PHASES IN CRITICAL INCIDENT DEBRIEFING

  The phases are arranged in a specific order to facilitate the transition of the group from the cognitive domain to the affective domain and back to the cognitive again

  1. introduction
  2. fact phase
  3. thought phase
  4. feeling phase
  5. reaction phase
  6. strategy phase
  7. re-entry phase
• introduction

  • Set scene: introduce facilitators, group, purpose and ground rules
• Fact phase

  Each participant, in turn, tells role, participation in event, what happened as they saw it and factual information (not too much detail)
• Thought phase

  Each participant, in turn, tells their first thought about the incident
• Reaction phase

  Each participant shares what reactions they have experienced since the event; immediate, within the first day or two, and now
• Strategy phase

  Education of the group in normal critical stress reactions, sharing their strategies for dealing with reactions and demonstrating how experience can help in the future
• Re-entry phase

  Summary of the event, reasons and strategies; opportunity for participants to clear up any misunderstandings and confirm understandings
• Introduction - Team members introduce themselves and describe the process
• Fact

  • Only extremely brief overviews of the facts
  • It helps the participants to begin talking
• Thought

  • A transition from the cognitive domain toward the affective domain.
• Reaction/Feeling

  • It is the heart of a Critical Incident Stress Debriefing
  • It focuses on the impact on the participants
• Symptoms/Reaction

  • The team members listen carefully for common symptoms associated with exposure to traumatic events
  • They use the signs and symptoms of distress presented by the participants as a kicking off point for the teaching phase.
• Teaching/Strategy

  • The team members normalize the symptoms brought up by participants.
  • They provide explanations of the participants' reactions and provide stress management information.
• Re-Entry

  • The participants may ask questions or make final statements
  • Final explanations, information, action directives, guidance, and thoughts are presented to the group
• PSYCHOLOGICAL FIRST AID (PFA)

  ● It is a humane, supportive response to a fellow human being who is suffering and who may need support.

  ● It is an acute intervention of choice when responding to the psychosocial needs of children, adults and families affected by disaster and terrorism

  ● are intended for use with children, adolescents, parents/caretakers, families, and adults exposed to disaster or terrorism.

  ● can also be provided to first responders and other disaster relief workers.

  ● based on an understanding that disaster survivors will experience a broad range of early reaction
• PSYCHOLOGICAL FIRST AIDER

  1. health and allied health professionals
  2. volunteers
  3. teachers
  4. trained responders
  5. members of clergy
  6. faith based organizations
  7. red cross volunteers
• PSYCHOLOGICAL FIRST AID PRINCIPLES

  1. look
  2. listen
  3. link
• 7 THEMES OF PSYCHOLOGICAL FIRST AID

  1. Provide practical care and support
  2. Assess needs and concerns
  3. Help people to address basic needs
  4. Listen but do not force them to talk
  5. Comfort and help them feel calm
  6. Connect with services and information
  7. Protect people from further harm