Homeostasis

• Homeo means


  similar
• Stasis means


  steady
• Homeostasis


  • a state of physiological equilibrium/balance
  • the body is constantly adapting to stimuli
  • responses to the changes in the internal and external environment
• Responses of Stress


  1. Positive Feedback
  2. Negative Feedback
• Positive Feedback


  happens when the product of a reaction leads to an increase in that reaction
• Negative Feedback


  happens when the product of a reaction leads to a decrease in that reaction
• All body systems work together to control these: 


  1. Diseases
  2. Body Chemicals
  3. Body Temperature
• Adaptation


  an organism‘s response to change/s
• Body Function


  the self-protective qualities and processes for homeostasis regulation
• Adaptation


  on going process of an organism to seek and preserve balance
• Sensors 


  data collection and change detection
• Control Center 


  the brain receives data and delivers messages
• Communication system


  delivers messages to target organs and tissues via nerve impulses and hormones
• Targets


  organ, tissue, or cell that are change change-responsive
• How do body control changes?


  1. Sensors
  2. Control Center
  3. Communication system
  4. Targets
• How do plants control changes?


  1. Uptake
  2. Transport and distribution
  3. Use of cofactors in enzymes
  4. Storage
• Uptake


  collect and obtain the plant’s survival requirements
• Transport and distribution


  transports nutrients, water, and food throughout the plant
• Use of cofactors in enzymes

  assist the activities happening to plants
• Storage


  store food for growth and reproduction processes
• Thermoregulation


  the process of keeping one’s body temperature constant
• Types of Thermoregulation


  1. Homeotherms
  2. Poikilotherm
• Homeotherms


  can regulates one’s own body temperature
• Poikilotherm


  needs a source of heat in order to regulate one’s own body temperature
• How does body regulate temperature?


  1. Sweating
  2. Shivering
• Sweating


  When the body is hot, sweat glands are stimulated to release sweat
• Shivering


  When the body is cold, the body shakes uncontrollably
• Shivering


  1. Skin detects cold causing the blood vessels to contract.
  2. The heart beats slower sending signal to the brain.
  3. The hypothalamus sends signal to the skin.
  4. The muscles contract to generate heat.
• Sweating


  1. Skin detects heat causing blood vessels to dilate.
  2. The heart beats faster sending signal to the brain.
  3. The hypothalamus sends signal to the sweat gland.
  4. The sweat gland produces sweat in order to cool down.
• Glucose Level


  in order to function, the cells require a precise quantity of glucose in the blood
• High Blood Sugar Level

  2. Pancreas releases insulin into the liver

  3. Insulin breaks down glycogen in the liver

  4. Decreasing the blood sugar level
• Low Blood Sugar Level


  2. Pancreas releases glucagon into the liver.

  3. Glucagon breaks down glycogen in the liver.

  4. Increasing the blood sugar level
• Water Regulation


  • in order to remove extra salts in solution form, the kidneys make concentrated urine.

  • the body refills with more water to compensate for the water loss.
• Water Regulation


  1. Hypothalamus detects shortage of water in blood.
  2. Pituitary Gland receives the message from the hypothalamus and releases ADH.
  3. The blood travels to the kidney.
  4. Kidneys produce low volume of urine and water is reabsorbed in the body.
• How do plants regulate temperature?


  1. Heliotropism
  2. Paraheliotropism
  3. Diaheliotropism
• Heliotropism


  it refers to how plant components move in response to light
• Paraheliotropism


  plants arrange their leaves parallel to the sun‘s rays to limit light absorption.
• Diaheliotropism


  when plants are exposed to sunlight, they arrange their leaves perpendicular to the sun’s rays, allowing the upper surface of the leaves to get the most light.
• Glucose Level


  plants regulate glucose in process by which light energy is converted to chemical energy order for the plant to make their own food (photosynthesis)
• Water Regulation


  Water travels up through the sapwood and into the leaves from the soil.

  The sun warms the water, which evaporates via stomata on the underside of the leaf surface. This process is called transpiration.