America-chapter 3

• Segregation


  Enforced separation of racial groups in society
• Jim Crow Laws


  Laws aimed to segregate and discriminate
• Jim Crow Army


  Segregated regiments in the US armed forces
• Sit-in


  Occupying an area as a form of passive resistance
• NAACP


  National Association for the Advancement of Coloured People
• Martin Luther King


  had a gift for popular speaking, experienced racial prejudice as a student
• CORE


  Congress of Racial Equality
• Martin Luther King


  • Chosen as leader of the MIA because he had not been there long enough to become too close to any particular local organisation
  • Energetic and enthusiastic in the boycott, able to inspire those who worked with him
  • His idea of using non-violent tactics was similar to Gandhi's in India, many civil rights activists keen to follow and copy King
  • His devout religious beliefs and unwavering faith won him many supporters, he was never intimidated
• Supreme Court


  Highest judicial body in the USA
• Martin Luther King's role

  1. Helped to found the Southern Christian Leadership Conference (SCLC) after the bus boycott

  2. SCLC tried to increase the number of black voters with the 'Crusade for Citizenship'
• what was the Nation of Islam?

  An African American political and religious movement
• King had become the leading figure in the civil rights movement by 1963
• Nobel Peace Prize citation for Martin Luther King, 1964: 'He is the first person in the Western world to have shown us that a struggle can be waged without violence. He makes the message of brotherly love a reality in the course of his struggle, and he has brought this message to all nations and races. He has never abandoned his faith in the struggle he is waging, he has been imprisoned on many occasions, his family has been threatened, but he has never faltered.'
• Married Coretta Scott


  1953
• Black Power


  A movement based on racial pride and empowerment
• Led Montgomery bus boycott

  1955
• what year were many black Americans enlisted in the "Jim Crow" army

  December 1941
• what year did mlk form and lead Southern Christian Leadership Conference

  1957
• 'I have a dream' speech, voted 'Man of the Year' by Time magazine


  1963
• what year did desegregation begin in the armed service?

  1946
• what year did mlk win the Nobel Peace Prize?

  1964
• what year was Brown v Topeka Board of Education


  1952
• 4 April, assassinated in Memphis


  1968
• Montgomery Bus Boycott


  1955
• In 1963, there was still no federal law that made southern states integrate public facilities
• what year was the case of the Little Rock Nine?

  1957
• Birmingham, Alabama, closed its parks, playgrounds and swimming pools to avoid desegregating them
• when was CORE setup?

  1962
• King and the SCLC's actions in Birmingham

  1. Used sit-ins and marches to press for desegregation

  2. Hoped to achieve maximum publicity across the USA
• March on Washington


  1963
• Passing of the Civil Rights Act


  1964
• Black Panthers formed


  1966
• Police Chief Eugene 'Bull' Connor closed all public parks and playgrounds in response to the demonstrations
• Civil Rights Act 1964

  Banned racial discrimination in employment and gave black Americans equal rights to enter public places
• King was arrested in a further demonstration and jailed for defying a ban on marches
• During his short stay in prison, King wrote his 'Letter from Birmingham Jail'
• what did the voting Rights Act 1965

  Stopped racial discrimination over the right to vote and ended literacy tests
• The letter became one of the most famous documents of the civil rights movement, and many see it as one of the most powerful in history
• Supreme Court Ruling 1967

  Ruled that state laws banning interracial marriages were unconstitutional
• Fair Housing Act 1968


  Racial discrimination made illegal in the property market