DR notes

• A German submarine departed from the city of Kiel, Germany


  9th February 1943
• An Indian named Matsuda was present among the Nazi soldiers on the submarine
• Mission of the submarine

  Travel Southward, go around Africa and transfer Mr. Matsuda to a Japanese submarine
• The sea route was full of British ships


  This was during the World War II when Germany and Japan were fighting against the British
• The German submarine reached the coast of Madagascar and spotted a Japanese submarine


  26th April 1943
• The sea was so stormy

  It could have been dangerous for these two submarines to get closer
• The submarines kept moving in parallel


  For the next two days
• Mr. Matsuda emerged from the submarine on a small raft, paddling and drenched, and reached the Japanese submarine where he was welcomed by Captain Masao Teraoka
• Mr. Matsuda is none other than Netaji Subhash Chandra Bose
• Subhash Chandra Bose became the first Indian to travel in a submarine during this historic journey
• World War II started

  1939
• Viceroy Lord Linlithgow declared war on behalf of India without consulting any Indian
• Congress resigned from their positions under the Government of India Act
• Subhash Chandra Bose was organizing his own party, The Forward Bloc
• Subhash Chandra Bose was becoming too vocal about his leftist ideology


  This wasn't appreciated by the other leaders of Congress
• Bose wanted to use World War II for India's benefit


  Breaking off from Congress had become a necessity for him
• Bose was leading a march in Calcutta and was arrested by the British government


  July 1940
• Bose's actions in jail

  1. Challenged the government by launching a hunger strike

  2. Gave an ultimatum to the British government and undertook a fast unto death
• The government released Bose from jail and put him under house arrest to avoid being blamed if he were to die in jail</b>
• Bose's plan was to go to Germany and ask the Germans for help to fight against the British
• Bose's escape from house arrest

  1. Contacted a communist organization in Punjab to find a way to cross the border and reach Germany secretly

  2. On 16th January 1941, at around 1.30 AM, sneaked out of his house with his nephew, Shishir Kumar Bose, in disguise as an insurance agent, Muhammad Ziauddin

  3. Travelled through the night and reached Dhanbad

  4. Spent a night at Shishir's brother Ashok's house

  5. The next day, boarded the train Kalka Mail to Delhi, then took the Frontier Mail to Peshawar

  6. In Peshawar, was received by the provincial leader of the Forward Bloc, Mian Akbar Shah

  7. Changed his disguise to a deaf and mute Pathan man to cross the border

  8. Travelled with another leader of the Forward Bloc, Bhagat Ram Talwar, pretending to go to the shrine of Adda Sharif in Afghanistan

  9. On 26th January 1941, left Peshawar and crossed the border of the British Empire by evening

  10. By the morning of 29th January, reached Adda Sharif and completed the journey to Kabul in trucks and tanks
• It took Netaji 15 days to reach Kabul from Calcutta
• The British government found out about his escape 12 days after the fact
• Netaji's escape was so secret that even his mother didn't know about it
• The news of his disappearance was published in the newspaper

  27th January
• After reaching Kabul, Netaji went to the Soviet embassy to ask for help but didn't get any help as he was mistaken for a British agent
• Hans Pilger, a German minister, sent a telegram to the German foreign minister saying he had advised Netaji to stay hidden and would contact the Russian ambassador on his behalf

  5th February
• Netaji met the Italian ambassador

  22nd February, 1941
• Netaji was asked to get a new Italian passport

  10th March
• Netaji was given a new Italian passport with a new Italian identity, with the name Orlando Mazzotta
• The British government had intercepted an Italian diplomatic communication and found out that Bose was in Kabul and planning to go to Germany through the Middle East
• Two special operations executives of British intelligence were tasked with finding Bose in Turkey and killing him before he reached Germany
• Netaji's journey to Germany

  1. Never went to the Middle East

  2. Went to Moscow using his new identity

  3. Boarded a train to Berlin

  4. On 2nd April 1941, reached the German capital, Berlin
• Netaji had 3 objectives in Germany: 1) Set up an Indian government in exile, 2) Find a way for his voice to reach the people, 3) Establish an army made up of Indians, those Indians who were prisoners of war
• Germany never gave diplomatic recognition to India or declared India's independence as one of their war aims, as Hitler admired the British rule in India
• Netaji established a Free India Center in Berlin and submitted a memorandum to Hitler, asking him to attack India with his army to remove the British
• Adam von Trot, head of the India section of the Foreign Office in Berlin, helped turn the office into a Special India Division
• Bose established the Free India Centre in Berlin

  2nd November 1941
• Decisions made at the first meeting of the Free India Centre

  • Name of the struggle to be Azad Hind or Free India
  • In Europe, the name of the organisation to be Azad Hind Centre
  • The national anthem to be Jana Gana Mana
  • The emblem to be a tricolour with a springing tiger
  • Indians to greet each other with the slogan of Jai Hind
  • Subhash Chandra Bose to be given the title Netaji
• Netaji submitted a detailed plan to the German government on how to work on propaganda against British imperialism all over the world

  20th May 1941