are couples more equal

• March of progress view


  Argue that women going out to work is leading to a more equal division of labour at home. Believe men are becoming more involved in housework and childcare and women are becoming more involved in paid work outside the home
• Jonathon Gershuny


  Argues that women working full-time is leading to a more equal division of labour. He found that working women did less domestic work than other women
• Oriel Sullivan - 1975, 1987, 1997


  Found a trend towards women doing a smaller share of domestic work and men doing more. Increase in the number of couples with an equal division of labour. men taking part in traditionally 'women's' tasks
• British Social Attitudes Surveyview on men and women's job


  Found a fall in the number of people who think it's the man's job to earn the money and the women's job to look after the family. In 1984, 45% of men and 41% of women agreed. In 2012, 13% of men and 12% of women agreed.
• The feminist view


  Women going to paid work has not lead to a greater equality in the division of labour. Little sign of the new man that does an equal share of housework and childcare and women carry a dual burden.
• British Social Attitudes survey - housework average

  In 2012, men on average did 8 hours of housework a week, women did 13. Men spent 10 hours on family care, women spent nearly 23. families continue to divide household tasks along traditional gender lines, the patterns have been the same since 1994
• Ferri Smith


  fathers took responsibility for childcare in fewer than 4% of families
• Jean Duncombe and Dennis Marsden

  Argue women have a 'triple shift' of housework, paid work and emotion work
• Dex and warde


  Found that, although fathers had a high level of involvement with their 3-year-olds, only 1% of fathers took main responsibility over a sick child
• Braun, Vincent and Ball

  Found that only 3 in 70 families, was the father the main carer. Most held a 'provider ideology' that their role was the breadwinner
• Arlie Russel Hochschild


  'Emotion work' - women are responsible in managing feelings and emotions of family members while keeping control over their own
• Dale Southerton


  Argues the responsibility of coordinating, managing and scheduling the family's 'quality time' together falls to the mother. Achieving quality time is more difficult as working mothers juggle work, personal leisure time and managing activities