cells

• Cell types


  Different types of cells that look different
• Cells


  • Specialized to carry out functions
• Tissues


  Groups of similar cells that work together to carry out a special function

  eg:

  • Nervous tissue – sending messages to and from the brain
  • Xylem in plants – transport water and minerals
• Organs


  A group of different tissues that work together to carry out a specific function

  eg:

  • Stomach
  • Liver
  • Brain
• Systems


  A group of organs working together

  eg:

  Digestive system

  Nervous system
• Organisms


  All the systems working together (circulatory, respiratory, digestive, reproductive…) make up an organism
• Populations


  A group of organisms of the same species living in an area
• Levels of organization


  • Neuron
  • Nervous tissue
  • Brain
  • Nervous system
  • Deer
  • Deer population in Phoenix park
• Diffusion


  Movement of a substance from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration
• Cellular respiration


  Biochemical reaction in cells to get energy from food in the mitochondria
• Breathing


  Moves air into and out of our lungs
• Respiration (cellular respiration)


  What cells do to release energy of the food we eat
• Uses of energy produced in the mitochondria

  • Heating up our body
  • Moving muscles
  • Making and repairing cells and tissues
• Aerobic respiration - Oxygen present, Anaerobic respiration - Oxygen absent
• Enzymes


  Biological catalysts that speed up the rate of reaction but don't get used up

  The enzyme amylase catalyses the reaction of starch breaking down into maltose in our mouths
• Photosynthesis


  Biochemical reaction that happens in the chlorophyll of the chloroplasts of every plant that makes glucose and oxygen out of carbon dioxide, water and light
• Plants do cellular respiration all the time but photosynthesis only in the presence of light
• Photosynthesis Geranium experiment


  1. Place geranium in the dark for 2 days to de-starch

  2. Cover leaves with tin foil – stay de-starched. The rest of the plant in sunlight to do photosynthesis – produce starch.

  3. Boil one of each leaves in boiling water for 2 min to kill the leaves

  4. In separate test tubes add alcohol to the leaves to remove all the chlorophyll from the leaves. Place the test tubes in hot water for 10 min (less than 70°C).

  5. Place back into hot water to soften them up for a few seconds and dry in paper.

  6. Add a few drops of Iodine to show the presence of starch.