FCE

• RA 10029


  Philippine Psychology Act of 2009
• RA 10029


  1. Defines what is "Psychology" and "Practice of Psychology"

  2. Creates the Professional Regulatory Board of Psychology

  3. Defines the Licensure Examination for psychometricians and psychologists

  4. Defines the limits in the practice of profession

  5. States that professionals follow the Code of Ethics of Practice for psychologists and psychometricians

  6. Defines prohibited acts and penalties
• RA 10029 approved into law (Gloria Macapagal-Arroyo)


  MARCH 16, 2010
• Psychological Assessment


  The gathering and integration of psychology-related data for the purpose of making a psychological evaluation, accomplished through a variety of tools, including individual tests, projective tests, clinical interview, and other psychological assessment tools, for the purpose of assessing diverse psychological functions including cognitive abilities, aptitudes, personality characteristics, attitudes, values, interests, emotions and motivations, among others, in support of psychological counselling, psychotherapy and other psychological interventions.
• Psychometrics


  A field of psychology about the theory, technique, and development of psychological measurement
• Psychometrician


  A natural person who holds a valid certificate of registration and a valid professional identification card as psychometrician issued by the Professional Regulatory Board of Psychology and the Professional Regulation Commission pursuant to this Act. As such, he/she shall be authorized to administer and score objective personality tests, structured personality tests, excluding projective tests and other higher level forms of psychological tests, interpret results of the same and prepare a written report on these results, and conduct preparatory intake interviews of clients for psychological intervention sessions, under the supervision of a licensed professional psychologist.
• History of Psychological Assessment

  • Tests were used for occupational placement/personnel selection
  • Tests were used for educational achievements
  • Tests were used for classification in the clinical setting
  • Tests and testing procedures were used for laboratory experiments
• Early forms of psychological assessment

  • Assessment in Ancient China (T'ang and Ming Dynasties) - testing for placement in the civil service, systematized (standard) test contents
  • Early forms of testing in Ancient Greek Civilizations - measured intelligence and physical skills
  • 13th century Europe - first universities established, written examinations to test student achievements
  • 18th century Europe - inquiry to explain intelligence
  • Jean Esquirol - measured mental functioning through language use
  • Wilhelm Wundt - established a psychological laboratory, developed experimental apparatus and standardized procedures
  • Francis Galton - measured indications of general mental ability through quickness and some physical attributes (ANTHROPOMETRIC)
  • Hermann Ebbinghaus - created a fill-in-the blanks kind of test that gauged intellectual ability
• Modern History of Psychological Assessment

  • 1905 - Alfred Binet and Theodore Simon developed and published the first useful instruments (combination of written and performance tasks) for the measurement of general cognitive abilities
  • The first Binet-Simon Scale (30 items test) measured judgement and reasoning ability, vocabulary, comprehension, differences between pairs of words, repeating number series, following directions, completing fragmented text passage, drawing
  • Gave rise to the foundations of modern psychological assessment - purpose to identify school-age children with mental delays for proper school placement, uses standardised tools and procedures, quantified measures, uses statistical techniques to interpret results (MA/CA) x 100, measured a psychological trait (intelligence) in an objective manner
  • The concept of IQ was introduced and gave rise to the development of other psychological tools (tests), techniques (factor analysis), and theories
  • Robert Yerkes - pioneered the first group intelligence test for selection of recruits in war efforts
• Philippine History of Psychological Assessment


  • American influence on testing and measurements came together with the educational system
  • Manuel Carreon established a system of admission to civil service
  • Sinfroso Padilla studied mental measurements
  • Angel de Blas established Experimental Psychology Laboratory
  • 1962 - Founding of the Psychological Association of the Philippines that spearheaded the laws and regulations in the practice of psychology in the Philippines
• General Principles in Psychological Assessment

  • Respect for the dignity of persons and peoples
  • Competent caring for the well-being of persons and peoples
  • Integrity
  • Professional and scientific responsibilities to society
• Respect for the dignity of persons and peoples

  Respect for the unique worth and inherent dignity, respect for diversity, respect for customs and beliefs of cultures (unless it is seriously harmful), free and informed consent, privacy, protection of confidentiality of personal information, fairness and justice in the treatment of persons and peoples
• Competent caring for the well-being of persons and peoples

  Active concern for the well-being of individuals, families, groups, and communities, taking care to do no harm, maximizing benefits and minimizing potential harm, correcting and offsetting harmful effects as a result of activities (debriefing), developing and maintaining competence (CPD), self-knowledge (subjectivity-objectivity), respect for the ability of individuals, families, groups, and communities to make decisions for themselves, to take of themselves, and to take care of others
• Integrity

  Honesty, truthful, open and accurate communications, avoiding incomplete disclosure of information (unless a full disclosure of information is more harmful), impartiality over biases, not exploiting people for gain, avoiding conflicts of interest (multiple relationships)
• Professional and scientific responsibilities to society

  Increase scientific and professional knowledge that allow the promotion of well-being of society, protecting knowledge from being misused, to be ethical and to promote the highest ethical ideals, to be trained about ethical standards, to develop ethical awareness
• Key issues in Psychological Assessment

  • Informed Consent
  • Confidentiality and Privacy
  • Unfair Discrimination
  • Appropriate Assessment Tools/Techniques
• Informed Consent


  Use Informed Consent in a reasonably understandable language, obtain appropriate permission from a legally authorised person when dealing with minors and those legally incapable of giving informed consent, inform clients for mandated and court ordered disclosures, document all written or oral consent, permission, and assent
• Confidentiality and Privacy


  Duty to safeguard information divulged voluntarily and involuntarily, discuss limitations of confidentiality, explain purpose of disclosed information, breaking confidentiality when there is imminent danger, informing the risks to privacy when collecting information via electronic means, obtain permission before recording audio and/or video of clients, reveal only relevant information in written and oral reports, reveal confidential information only to qualified professionals, ensuring that disclosed information is not misused, misunderstood, or misinterpreted, disclose information only when given consent (unless court ordered), do not disclose information with colleagues/professionals when the information can reveal the identity of the client
• Unfair Discrimination


  Do not discriminate against persons based on age, gender, gender identity, race, ethnicity, culture, national origin, religion, sexual orientation, disability, socioeconomic status, or any basis proscribed by law
• Psychological tools


  Psychological tests, Clinical Interviews, and Observation logs
• Psychological tests


  A set of standardized and objective occasions for response presented to an individual with the purpose of eliciting a reliable and valid sample of the individual's behavior in comparison to others within the same target-population
• Purpose of Psychological Assessment

  • Diagnosis (testing for learning difficulties or behavioral issues)
  • Prediction of future behavior (aptitude tests)
  • Selection (achievement tests)
  • Placement (interest inventories, aptitude, achievement)
  • Classification (general mental ability tests)
  • Screening (aptitude and achievement)
• Psychological Measurement


  Tools and techniques with carefully chosen samples of behavior to which a numerical or category system is applied according to pre-established standards
• General classification of Tests

  • Aptitude Tests - measure potential for learning
  • Achievement Tests - measure previous learning
  • Intelligence Tests - measure a person's overall general mental ability
  • Personality Tests - measure a person's traits, qualities, or behaviors
  • Interests Tests - measure a person's preferences
• Manner of administration


  • Individual testing - more attention is given, closer observation of characteristics, more accurate results, easy to establish rapport
  • Group testing - practicality and efficiency, more people with less time, the role of the examiner is simplified, uses of objective scoring, norms are easily established
• Medium of eliciting response

  • Performance tests - tests that require a person to perform a behavior
  • Paper and pencil tests - tests using a standard questionnaire and answer sheet
• Response Types


  • Verbal Tests - tests that require language to elicit a response
  • Non-verbal Tests - tests that do not require language and are often presented in figures and drawings
• Maximum and Typical performance

  • Tests of abilities - measures how well the person's best performance
  • Tests of typical performance - measures what a person usually does best, or habitual thoughts, feelings, and behavior
• Normative Scores


  Measures of absolute
• Ipsative Scores


  Measures of relative
• Basis of psychological assessment


  • More attention is given
  • Closer observation of characteristics
  • More accurate results
  • Easy to establish rapport
• Group testing


  Assessment conducted en masse
• Group testing


  • Practicality and Efficiency, more people with less time
  • The role of the examiner is simplified
  • Uses of objective scoring
  • Norms are easily established
• Performance tests


  Tests that require a person to perform a behavior
• Paper and pencil tests


  Tests using a standard questionnaire and answer sheet
• Verbal Tests


  Tests that require language to elicit a response
• Non-verbal Tests


  Tests that do not require language and are often presented in figures and drawings
• Tests of abilities


  Measures how well the person's best performance
• Tests of typical performance


  Measures what a person usually does best, or habitual thoughts, feelings, and behavior
• Normative Scores


  Measures of absolute capacity in comparison to a normative group