BTECH MX8-9

• Computer


  A general purpose device that can be programmed to carry out a set of arithmetic or logical operations
• Computer


  • It responds to a specific set of instructions in a well defined manner
  • It can execute a pre-recorded list of instructions
  • It can quickly store and retrieve large amounts of data
• Originally calculations were computed by humans, whose job title was computers
• The first use of the word "computer" was recorded in 1613, referring to a person who carried out calculations, or computations, and the word continued to be used in that sense until the middle of the 20th century
• Abacus


  A mechanical device used to aid an individual in performing mathematical calculations
• Slide Rule


  Used primarily for multiplication, division, roots, logarithms, and trigonometry
• Pascaline


  Improved the abacus by replacing its beads with wheels, but was limited to addition and subtraction and too expensive
• Stepped Reckoner


  A machine that can add, subtract, multiply and divide automatically, invented by Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz in 1672
• Jacquard Loom


  A mechanical loom, invented by Joseph-Marie Jacquard in 1881, that was controlled by punched cards
• Difference Engine and Analytical Engine


  Automatic, mechanical calculators designed to tabulate polynomial functions, invented by Charles Babbage in 1822 and 1834
• Augusta Ada Byron


  In 1840, she suggested to Babbage that he use the binary system and wrote programs for the Analytical Engine
• Tabulating Machine


  Invented by Herman Hollerith in 1890 to assist in summarizing information and accounting
• Havard Mark 1


  Also known as IBM Automatic Sequence Controlled Calculator (ASCC), the first electro-mechanical computer, invented by Howard H. Aiken in 1943
• Z1


  The first programmable computer, created by Konrad Zuse in Germany from 1936 to 1938
• Atanasoff-Berry Computer (ABC)


  The first electronic digital computing device, invented by Professor John Atanasoff and graduate student Clifford Berry at Iowa State University between 1939 and 1942
• ENIAC


  The first electronic general purpose computer, completed in 1946, developed by John Presper Eckert and John W. Mauchly
• UNIVAC 1


  The first commercial computer, designed by J. Presper Eckert and John Mauchly
• EDVAC


  The first stored program computer, designed by Von Neumann in 1952
• Osborne 1


  The first portable computer, released in 1981 by the Osborne Computer Corporation
• Parts of the Computer Keyboard

  • Main keyboard
  • Command keys
  • Function keys
  • Additional/Special keys
  • Text Editing keys
  • Numeric keypad
  • Cursor key
• ENTER


  The carriage return lever for computers
• PRINT SCREEN


  When pressed together with the shift key, prints what is on the screen
• ALTERNATE key


  When pressed with any alphabet key, gives the computer a task to do
• CTRL


  When pressed with alphabetic characters, performs specific tasks
• ESC


  Used to cancel or abort any previous command or remove the dialog box
• NUM LOCK


  When pressed, activates the numeric keypad, when pressed again, returns to cursor movement control
• SCROLL LOCK


  Together with CTRL key, enables the user to return to the command level without saving any changes made
• INS


  If the Num lock is off, used to insert or add characters in the middle of the line
• DELETE


  Used to delete all characters written after the cursor key
• Arrow or Cursor up


  Used to move the cursor one line up
• Arrow or Cursor down


  Used to move the cursor one line down
• Arrow or Cursor right


  Moves the cursor one character position to the right
• Arrow or Cursor left


  Moves the cursor one character position to the left
• FIRST MECHANICAL COMPUTER


  Difference Engine and Analytical Engine
• MEANING OF ASCC


  IBM Automatic Sequence Controlled Calculator
• MEANING OF UNIVAC 1

  UNIVersal Automatic Computer 1
• Keyboard


  Used to enter information on the computer, an important part of the computer
• Keyboard keys


  • Alphabet keys
  • Number keys
  • Special character keys
  • Space bar key
  • Caps lock key
  • Enter key
  • Arrow keys
  • Delete key
  • Backspace key
  • Modifier keys
  • Function keys
  • Tab key
  • Escape key
• Alphabet keys


  • Have letters A-Z, 26 keys
• Number keys


  • Numbers 0-9, 10 keys, located above alphabet keys and on numeric keypad