adaptations+competion(biology)

• Hot Climates


  Characterised by: very hot in the day, often lack of water, very cold at night
• Adaptations to hot climates

  • Large surface area to volume ratio
  • Often have large ears and long legs
  • Most active in morning and early evening
  • Rest in hottest parts of the day
• Animals need water, food, shelter, and mate in order to survive. Animals will compete for these if they are in short supply.
• Competition in Animals


  • Giraffes - territory/hitting each other with necks
  • Cheetah + food
  • Wildebeest
  • Pufferfish
  • Ibex - mate
  • Manakin - mate dance
  • Widow bird - mate jumping
• How animals compete


  • Chasing opponent
  • Pinning animal
  • Using teeth, claws
  • Making patterns in sand to attract
• Adaptations for competing for food

  • Carnivores - sharp teeth
  • Herbivores - flat teeth
  • Predators - fast, long legs, good eyesight, wings, claws
  • Prey - poisons, warning colours, camouflage
• Adaptations for competing for territory/space

  • Need to be able to find resources
  • Often mark their territory
• Adaptations for competing for a mate

  • Usually males - fight, extravagant displays, feathers, bright colours, rituals
• Plants need water, light, space, and nutrients. One of the biggest challenges is gaining and keeping water.
• Adaptations in plants to help with water

  • Broad leaves and funnel water to shallow roots
  • Curl leaves to reduce surface area and water loss
  • Thick fleshy leaves and thick waxy cuticle
  • Long deep roots
  • Shallow spreading roots
  • Store water in stems, leaves and roots
  • Stomata on underside of leaves to reduce water loss
  • Some have spines instead of leaves to reduce surface area and stop animals eating them
  • Close stomata during hottest part of day
• How plants compete


  • Compete for light for photosynthesis
  • Some use tendrils or grow up other plants to compete for space
  • Compete for water for photosynthesis, cell reactions and to keep cells rigid
  • Flower earlier to compete for light
  • Develop different types of roots to compete for nutrients
  • Spread seeds as far away as possible to avoid competition
• Extremophiles


  Organisms that live in the most difficult conditions, usually microorganisms
• Extremophiles have adaptations which help them to survive in extreme conditions
• Types of extremophiles


  • Thermophiles - thrive in extremely high temperatures, use sulphur rather than oxygen
  • Cryophiles - thrive in very low temperatures, create protein antifreezes to keep internal space liquid and protect DNA
  • Halophiles - survive very salty conditions, have adapted to stop salt getting into cytoplasm
  • Acidophiles - thrive in highly acidic environments, have adapted mechanisms for pumping out protons
  • Radioresistant - able to survive high levels of radiation, can quickly repair genetic mutations