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adaptations+competion(biology)
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Hot Climates
Characterised by: very
hot
in the day, often lack of
water
, very cold at night
Adaptations to hot climates
Large
surface area to volume ratio
Often have
large
ears and
long
legs
Most active in
morning
and
early
evening
Rest in
hottest
parts of the day
Animals need
water
, food,
shelter
, and mate in order to survive. Animals will compete for these if they are in short supply.
Competition in Animals
Giraffes
- territory/hitting each other with necks
Cheetah
+ food
Wildebeest
Pufferfish
Ibex
- mate
Manakin
- mate dance
Widow
bird
- mate jumping
How animals compete
Chasing
opponent
Pinning
animal
Using
teeth
,
claws
Making
patterns
in
sand
to attract
Adaptations for competing for food
Carnivores
- sharp teeth
Herbivores
- flat teeth
Predators
- fast, long legs, good eyesight, wings, claws
Prey
- poisons, warning colours, camouflage
Adaptations for competing for territory/space
Need to be able to find
resources
Often
mark
their territory
Adaptations for competing for a mate
Usually males -
fight
, extravagant displays,
feathers
, bright colours, rituals
Plants need
water
,
light
, space, and nutrients. One of the biggest challenges is gaining and keeping water.
Adaptations in plants to help with water
Broad
leaves and funnel water to
shallow
roots
Curl leaves to reduce
surface area
and
water loss
Thick
fleshy leaves and
thick
waxy cuticle
Long deep
roots
Shallow spreading roots
Store
water
in stems,
leaves
and roots
Stomata
on underside of leaves to reduce
water loss
Some have
spines
instead of leaves to reduce surface area and stop animals
eating
them
Close
stomata
during
hottest
part of day
How plants compete
Compete for
light
for
photosynthesis
Some use
tendrils
or grow up other plants to compete for
space
Compete for
water
for
photosynthesis
, cell reactions and to keep cells rigid
Flower
earlier
to compete for
light
Develop different types of
roots
to compete for
nutrients
Spread
seeds
as far away as possible to avoid
competition
Extremophiles
Organisms that live in the most
difficult
conditions, usually
microorganisms
Extremophiles
have adaptations which help them to
survive
in
extreme
conditions
Types of extremophiles
Thermophiles
- thrive in extremely high temperatures, use
sulphur
rather than oxygen
Cryophiles
- thrive in very low temperatures, create
protein antifreezes
to keep
internal space liquid
and protect DNA
Halophiles
- survive very salty conditions, have adapted to stop salt getting into
cytoplasm
Acidophiles
- thrive in highly acidic environments, have adapted mechanisms for pumping out
protons
Radioresistant - able to survive high levels of
radiation
, can quickly repair
genetic mutations