adaptations+competion(biology)

Cards (14)

  • Hot Climates
    Characterised by: very hot in the day, often lack of water, very cold at night
  • Adaptations to hot climates
    • Large surface area to volume ratio
    • Often have large ears and long legs
    • Most active in morning and early evening
    • Rest in hottest parts of the day
  • Animals need water, food, shelter, and mate in order to survive. Animals will compete for these if they are in short supply.
  • Competition in Animals
    • Giraffes - territory/hitting each other with necks
    • Cheetah + food
    • Wildebeest
    • Pufferfish
    • Ibex - mate
    • Manakin - mate dance
    • Widow bird - mate jumping
  • How animals compete
    • Chasing opponent
    • Pinning animal
    • Using teeth, claws
    • Making patterns in sand to attract
  • Adaptations for competing for food
    • Carnivores - sharp teeth
    • Herbivores - flat teeth
    • Predators - fast, long legs, good eyesight, wings, claws
    • Prey - poisons, warning colours, camouflage
  • Adaptations for competing for territory/space
    • Need to be able to find resources
    • Often mark their territory
  • Adaptations for competing for a mate
    • Usually males - fight, extravagant displays, feathers, bright colours, rituals
  • Plants need water, light, space, and nutrients. One of the biggest challenges is gaining and keeping water.
  • Adaptations in plants to help with water
    • Broad leaves and funnel water to shallow roots
    • Curl leaves to reduce surface area and water loss
    • Thick fleshy leaves and thick waxy cuticle
    • Long deep roots
    • Shallow spreading roots
    • Store water in stems, leaves and roots
    • Stomata on underside of leaves to reduce water loss
    • Some have spines instead of leaves to reduce surface area and stop animals eating them
    • Close stomata during hottest part of day
  • How plants compete
    • Compete for light for photosynthesis
    • Some use tendrils or grow up other plants to compete for space
    • Compete for water for photosynthesis, cell reactions and to keep cells rigid
    • Flower earlier to compete for light
    • Develop different types of roots to compete for nutrients
    • Spread seeds as far away as possible to avoid competition
  • Extremophiles
    Organisms that live in the most difficult conditions, usually microorganisms
  • Extremophiles have adaptations which help them to survive in extreme conditions
  • Types of extremophiles
    • Thermophiles - thrive in extremely high temperatures, use sulphur rather than oxygen
    • Cryophiles - thrive in very low temperatures, create protein antifreezes to keep internal space liquid and protect DNA
    • Halophiles - survive very salty conditions, have adapted to stop salt getting into cytoplasm
    • Acidophiles - thrive in highly acidic environments, have adapted mechanisms for pumping out protons
    • Radioresistant - able to survive high levels of radiation, can quickly repair genetic mutations