Asepsis

• A normal Resident flora- the collective Vegetation in a given area/in one part of the body.
• Infection- is an invasion of body tissue by microorganism and their growth there/ which multiply and cause disease.
• Infectious agents- are microorganism capable of causing infections. Also known as pathogens
• Virulence- The ability to produce disease
• Communicable disease- it results if the infectious agent can be transmitted to an individual by direct or indirect contact or as airborne infection.
• Opportunistic pathogen- a pathogen that causes disease only in a susceptible individual.
• Pathogenicity- is the ability to produce disease, thus a pathogen is microorganism that cause disease.
• Sepsis- is the state of infection and can take many forms.
• Carrier- a person or animal that harbors an infectious agent and capable of transferring it to other persons.
• Contact- any person or animal known to have been in association with an infected person or animal or who have been presumably exposed to infection.
• Contamination- presence of pathogenic agents on or in a surface(wound)articles (eating utensils) or substances(water or milk).
• ASEPSIS- Is the freedom from disease-causing microorganism
• 2 basic types of Asepsis

  Surgical and Medical Asepsis
• Medical asepsis (Clean technique)-includes all practices intended to confine a specific area, limiting the number, growth, & transmission of microorganisms. absence of almost all microorganism
• Surgical Asepsis (Sterile technique)- refers to those practices that keep an area or object free of all microorganisms; it includes practices that destroy all microorganism &spores (microscopic dormant structures formed by some pathogens that are hardly & often survive common cleaning techniques)
• 4 Types of Microorganism

  Bacteria, Virus, Fungi, Parasites
• Bacterial- the most common infection-causing microorganisms.
• Viruses- consist primarily of nucleic acid & must enter living cells in order to reproduce.
• Fungi- include yeast and molds.
• Parasites- live in other living organism.
• Types of infection

  Local and Systemic Infection
• A local infection- is limited to the specific part of the body where the microorganism remain.
• Systemic infection- if the microorganism spread & damage different parts of the body
• Bacteremia- When a culture of the persons blood reveals microorganism.
• Septicemia- the bloodstream is invaded and there is multiplication of microorganisms. results in systemic infection.
• Chronic infection- may occur slowly, over a very long period , and may last for months or years.
• Acute infection- generally appear suddenly or last a short time.
• Nosocomial infections- this is infection acquired in the hospital that can develop while the client is still staying inside the health facility or may after the client has been discharged.
• Source of nosocomial infection

  Endogenous, exogenous, Iatrogenic infection
• ENDOGENOUS source- The microorganisms that cause nosocomial infections can originate from the clients themselves.
• Exogenous- when the cause of infection are microorganisms from the hospital environment and hospital staff.
• latrogenic infection- these are infections acquired during the diagnostic or therapeutic procedures, because of failure to maintain proper aseptic or sterile technique.
• Chain of infection- It refers to those elements that must be present to cause an infection from a microorganism. Breaking the chain of infection is the primary method to control and prevent the spread of infection.
• etiologic agent- is an organism capable of producing infection or infectious disease.
• The capability of a microorganism cause infection depends on: no. of microorganism. Virulence, potency or strength. Ability to enter the body. Susceptibility of host. Ability to live the body.
• Reservior or sources of microorganism- Common source can be human, animal or plant where the infectious agents lives, multiplies &depends for survival. It is the natural habitat of microorganism.
• portal of exit from reservoir- Before an infection can be establish itself in a host, the microorganism must leave the reservoir.
• Respiratory tract- nose, mouth, sneezing, coughing, talking
• Gastrointestinal tract

  Mouth- saliva, vomitus,

  Anus-feces

  Drainage-NGT, T-tubes
• Urinary tract

  urethra –urine