Philippine History

• 1946: Manuel Roxas becomes the first President of theRepublic of the Philippines.
• 1953: Ramon Magsaysay becomes president afterdefeating Elpidio Quirino
• 1961: Diosdado Macapagal wins the presidentialelections and changes Independence Day to June 12.
• 1972: Ferdinand Marcos declares Martial Law.
• • 2010: Benigno Aquino III wins presidential elections,known for anti-corruption efforts.
• The Spanish colonization period lasted from 1565 to 1898.
• • 2016: Rodrigo Duterte assumes presidency, advocating ashift to federalism, and takes a hard stance on illegal drugs.
• • 2020: Duterte declares a public health state of emergencydue to COVID-19 pandemic.
• • 2022: Ferdinand Marcos Jr. becomes the 17th president ofthe Philippines after winning the elections, amidcontroversy.
• Philippine Consti. Malolos Constitution (1899)
• Philippine Consti.

  • Biak-na-Bato Republic (1897)
• Phil consti. The Pact of Biak-na-Bato (1897)
• phil const.

  • The Treaty of Paris (1898)
• • The Philippine Constitution
  • The Jones Law (1916)
• • The Philippine Constitution
  • The Tydings-McDuffie Act (1934)
• • The Philippine Constitution
  • 1973 Constitution
• • 1987 Constitutional Reform Act - abolished the House of Lords and gave the government the power to make laws without the consent of the Lords
• The Philippine Constitution

  • Bangsamoro Organic Law (2018)
• The Philippines operates under a democratic system with a presidential form of government.
• Political landscape characterized by a mix of stability and periodic controversies, including issues related to corruption, human rights, and governance.
• Traditional courtship practices, such as "harana" (serenade) and "ligaw" (courtship), still hold cultural significance in many regions
• • Marriage customs often blend traditional Filipino practices with Western influences. Civil and church weddings are both common.
• Economic inequality remains a significant issue in the Philippines, with a notable gap between the wealthy and the poor
• • The middle class is expanding, but poverty rates remain high, particularly in rural areas.
• The Philippine economy has experienced steady growth, driven by sectors such as business process outsourcing (BPO), remittances from overseas Filipino workers (OFWs), and manufacturing
• • Challenges include income inequality, unemployment, and vulnerability to natural disasters.
• • Superstitious beliefs and practices are deeply ingrained in Filipino culture, influencing daily life and decision-making.
• • Beliefs in "aswang" (shape-shifting creatures), "kapre" (tree-dwelling giants), and other supernatural beings persist, especially in rural areas.
• Access to education has improved, but challenges such as overcrowded classrooms, inadequate facilities, and disparities between urban and rural schools persist
• • Efforts to enhance the quality of education include curriculum reforms and the integration of technology in teaching.
• OPM (Original Pilipino Music) continues to be popular, encompassing various genres such as pop, rock, and ballads
• • Traditional Filipino dances, such as tinikling, singkil, and the pandanggo, are preserved and performed in cultural events and festivals.
• Filipino (based on Tagalog) and English are the official languages of the Philippines
• Taglish, a blend of Tagalog and English, is commonly spoken in everyday conversations, reflecting the country's bilingualism.
• • Filipino literature continues to thrive, with writers exploring diverse themes and styles.
  • The Three- Cornered Sun,
  • My Sad Republic,
  • Great Philippine Energy Jungle Café,
  • The Rosales Saga
• • Works by renowned Filipino authors, both in English and Filipino, contribute to the country's literary heritage.
• Lavanderas (1966)

  Fernando Amorsolo
• Mother and Son (1994)

  Jose Joya