[Psych 101] First LE

• Wilhelm Wundt


  Father of Psychology; developed objective introspection; founded structuralism
• Edward Titchener


  Wundt's student; brought structuralism to America
• Margaret Washburn


  Titchener's student; first woman to earn a Ph.D. in psychology
• William James


  Proposed functionalism
• Mary Whiton Calkins


  James' student; completed every course and requirement for earning a Ph.D. but was denied that degree by Harvard University because she was a woman; first female president of the APA
• Max Wertheimer


  Proposed gestalt psychology; studied sensation and perception
• Sigmund Freud


  Father of Psychoanalysis
• John B. Watson


  Proposed behaviorism; conducted the Case of "Little Albert"
• Mary Cover Jones


  Found counter-conditioning
• Abraham Maslow


  One of the early founders of the humanistic perspective of psychology
• Carl Rogers


  The other early founder of the humanistic perspective of psychology
• Ivan Pavlov


  Discovered classical conditioning
• B. F. Skinner


  Behaviorist who studied operant conditioning
• Edward L. Thorndike


  Found a law stating that if a response is followed by a pleasurable consequence, it will tend to be repeated and vice versa
• Edward Tolman


  Early cognitive scientist who studied rats and defined latent learning
• Wolfgang Köhler


  Gestalt psychologist who studied a chimpanzee and defined insight
• Martin Seligman


  Founded the field of positive psychology; experimented on dogs and defined learned helplessness
• Albert Bandura


  Psychologist who studied dolls and children and defined observational learning
• Father Bernard Pagano


  Priest mistaken for crimes
• Elizabeth Loftus


  Showed that what people see and hear about an event after the fact can easily affect the accuracy of their memories of that event
• Hermann Ebbinghaus


  German psychologist who pioneered the experimental study of memory, and is known for his discovery of the forgetting curve and the spacing effect
• Brad Williams


  "Human Google" who has hyperthymesia
• Henry Gustav Molaison


  American who had a bilateral medial temporal lobectomy to surgically resect the anterior two thirds of his hippocampi
• Charles Spearman


  Saw intelligence as two different abilities: g factor and s factor
• Howard Gardner


  Stated that there are several kinds of intelligence
• Robert Sternberg


  Believed that there are three kinds of intelligence
• Raymond Cattell


  Suggested intelligence was composed of crystallized intelligence and fluid intelligence
• John Horn


  Expanded on Cattell's work and added other abilities based on visual and auditory processing, memory, speed of processing, reaction time, quantitative skills, and reading-writing skills
• John Carroll


  Developed a three-tier hierarchical model of cognitive abilities that fit so well with the Cattell-Horn crystallized and fluid intelligence models that a new theory was proposed, which is the CHC Theory of Intelligence
• Alfred Binet


  Developed a mental ability test together with Theodore Simon according to a child's mental age
• Lewis Terman


  Adapted William Stern's method for comparing mental age and chronological age (number of years since birth) for use with the translated and revised Binet test
• David Wechsler


  Designed different versions of intelligence tests applicable to adults
• Adrian Dove


  Created the Counterbalance General Intelligence Test to prove that culture and language affect one's performance in intelligence tests
• Peter Salovey & John Mayer


  They introduced emotional intelligence
• Dan Goleman


  Popularized emotional intelligence; said that emotional intelligence influences success in life rather than the traditional intelligence we know
• Richard Herrnstein and Charles Murray


  Wrote The Bell Curve; argued that intelligence was measurable by IQ tests, stable over the lifetime of the individual, largely heritable, and predictive of a variety of social outcomes
• Noam Chomsky


  Said that humans possess an inherent capacity to comprehend and produce language through the Language Acquisition Device or LAD which contains the schema for human language
• Edward Sapir & Benjamin Lee Whorf


  Developed a theory that presupposes that the language of that culture shapes the cognitive processes and conceptual frameworks within a culture
• Eleanor Rosch-Heider


  Found that color terms were irrelevant
• Jean Piaget


  Stressed the importance of the child's interaction with objects as a primary factor in cognitive development