Directly proportional to the Kelvin temperature of the system
Gases
Wide spaces between particles
Low density of gases
Gases are highly compressible because the particles can be forced closer together with the application of an external force
Properties of gases
Temperature
Volume
Pressure
Temperature
Measure of the average kinetic energy of gas particles
Volume
Amount of space occupied by a gas
Pressure
Force exerted by gas particles colliding with the walls of their container
How pressure is created in a gas
1. Gas particles collide with the walls of the container
2. Collective force of these collisions creates pressure
Atmospheric pressure decreases as altitude increases because there are fewer particles to exert pressure at higher altitudes
Barometer
Instrument invented by Torricelli to measure atmospheric pressure
At sea level, the height of the column of mercury in a barometer is 760 mm, which is equal to 760 torr. This value is referred to as the standard atmospheric pressure
Units of pressure
Atmosphere (atm)
Torr
Millimeters of mercury
Inches of mercury
Pounds per square inch
Pascals (Pa)
Kilopascals (kPa)
Bars
Kinetic Molecular Theory
Gases are composed of rapidly moving particles
Particles have negligible volume compared to the total volume of the gas
Particles collide frequently with each other and the container walls
