Mitosis and Meiosis

Cards (34)

  • Chromosome
    A structure in the cell nucleus that contains the genetic material
  • Chromatid
    One of the two identical copies of a chromosome after DNA replication
  • Chromatin
    The complex of DNA and proteins that makes up the contents of the cell nucleus
  • Transcription
    The process of copying genetic information from DNA to RNA
  • Translation
    The process of synthesizing proteins from the information encoded in mRNA
  • Mitosis
    The process of cell division that results in two genetically identical daughter cells
  • Meiosis
    The process of cell division that results in four genetically distinct daughter cells
  • Mitosis and meiosis are both involved in making new cells
  • Diploid
    Having two complete sets of chromosomes
  • Interphase
    Cell duplicates chromosomes
  • Humans have 46 chromosomes total
  • Interphase is not part of mitosis or meiosis, but it duplicates chromosomes before they start
  • The diagrams will use 6 chromosomes instead of 46 for easier visualization
  • Some insects like mosquitoes have 6 chromosomes
  • PMAT
    The stages of mitosis and meiosis: Prophase, Metaphase, Anaphase, Telophase
  • Prophase in mitosis

    Chromosomes condense and become visible
  • Prophase I in meiosis

    Homologous chromosomes pair up and undergo crossing over
  • Homologous chromosomes
    Chromosomes that are approximately the same size and contain the same types of genes in the same locations, with one coming from each parent
  • Crossing over
    The exchange of genetic material between homologous chromosomes during meiosis
  • Metaphase in mitosis
    Chromosomes line up in the middle of the cell in a single file line
  • Metaphase I in meiosis
    Chromosomes line up in the middle of the cell in pairs
  • Anaphase in mitosis

    Chromatids are pulled to opposite sides of the cell
  • Anaphase I in meiosis

    Whole chromosomes are pulled to opposite sides of the cell
  • Telophase in mitosis and Telophase I in meiosis
    New nuclei form on opposite sides of the cell
  • Cytokinesis follows mitosis and meiosis to split the cytoplasm
  • At the end of mitosis, two identical diploid cells are produced
  • Mitosis is important for organism growth and replacing damaged cells
  • Prophase II in meiosis
    Chromosomes condense again
  • Metaphase II in meiosis
    Chromosomes line up in a single file line
  • Anaphase II in meiosis

    Chromatids are pulled to opposite sides of the cell
  • Telophase II in meiosis
    New nuclei form on opposite sides of the cell
  • At the end of meiosis, four non-identical haploid cells (gametes) are produced
  • Haploid
    Having one complete set of chromosomes
  • When a sperm and egg cell combine, it results in a diploid zygote that will divide by mitosis to form a new organism