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Mitosis and Meiosis
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Cards (34)
Chromosome
A structure in the cell
nucleus
that contains the
genetic
material
Chromatid
One of the two identical copies of a
chromosome
after
DNA replication
Chromatin
The complex of
DNA
and proteins that makes up the contents of the
cell nucleus
Transcription
The process of copying
genetic
information from DNA to
RNA
Translation
The process of
synthesizing
proteins from the information encoded in
mRNA
Mitosis
The process of cell division that results in two
genetically identical
daughter cells
Meiosis
The process of cell division that results in four genetically distinct
daughter
cells
Mitosis
and meiosis are both involved in making new
cells
Diploid
Having
two
complete sets of
chromosomes
Interphase
Cell
duplicates
chromosomes
Humans have
46
chromosomes total
Interphase
is not part of mitosis or meiosis, but it duplicates
chromosomes
before they start
The diagrams will use
6
chromosomes instead of
46
for easier visualization
Some insects like mosquitoes have
6
chromosomes
PMAT
The stages of mitosis and meiosis: Prophase, Metaphase,
Anaphase
,
Telophase
Prophase
in mitosis
Chromosomes condense
and become
visible
Prophase I
in meiosis
Homologous
chromosomes pair up and undergo
crossing
over
Homologous chromosomes
Chromosomes that are approximately the same size and contain the same types of
genes
in the same locations, with one coming from each
parent
Crossing over
The exchange of
genetic
material between
homologous chromosomes
during meiosis
Metaphase in
mitosis
Chromosomes
line up in the middle of the cell in a
single
file line
Metaphase I in meiosis
Chromosomes
line up in the middle of the cell in
pairs
Anaphase
in mitosis
Chromatids
are pulled to
opposite
sides of the cell
Anaphase
I in meiosis
Whole chromosomes are pulled to
opposite
sides of the cell
Telophase in mitosis and Telophase I in meiosis
New
nuclei
form on
opposite
sides of the cell
Cytokinesis follows mitosis and
meiosis
to split the
cytoplasm
At the end of
mitosis
, two identical
diploid
cells are produced
Mitosis
is important for organism growth and replacing
damaged
cells
Prophase II in meiosis
Chromosomes
condense
again
Metaphase II in meiosis
Chromosomes line
up in a single file
line
Anaphase II
in meiosis
Chromatids
are pulled to
opposite
sides of the cell
Telophase II in meiosis
New
nuclei
form on
opposite
sides of the cell
At the end of meiosis,
four
non-identical haploid cells (
gametes
) are produced
Haploid
Having one complete set of
chromosomes
When a sperm and
egg
cell combine, it results in a
diploid zygote
that will divide by mitosis to form a new organism