chap 7

• other term for bipolar disorder

  manic-depression
• characterized by great energy and enthusiasm for everything

  
  

  e.g. talking and thinking so fast

  mania
• characterized by loss of energy and enthusiasm

  
  

  e.g. slow to think, talk, and move

  depression
• two major types of mood disorders

  bipolar disorder

  depressive disorders
• people with this type of disorder experience only depression and not mania

  depressive disorder
• in depressive disorders, the symptoms of depression take over the _ person--emotions, bodily functions, behaviors, and thoughts


  whole
• loss of interest in everything in life

  anhedonia
• a condition where the person is slowed down

  
  

  they walk, gesture, and talk more slowly and quietly

  
  

  they have more accidents because they cannot react quickly enough to avoid them

  psychomotor retardation
• a condition where the person feels physically agitated, cannot sit still, and may move around or fidget aimlessly

  psychomotor agitation
• a disorder characterized by a severe bout of depressive symptoms lasting 2 weeks or more

  major depressive disorder
• discuss the criteria the DSM-5 criteria for major depressive disorder

  at least 2-week period of the at least 4 of the following symptoms. one symptom is either depressed mood or diminished interest or pleasure

  
  

  1. depressed mood (can be irritable mood for children and adolescents

  2. diminished interest or pleasure in all/almost all activities

  3. weight loss/weight gain/decrease or increase in appetite

  4. insomnia or hypersomnia

  5. psychomotor agitation or retardation

  6. fatigue or loss of energy

  7. feelings of worthlessness or excessive or inappropriate guilt

  8. diminished ability to think or concentrate, or indecisiveness

  9. recurrent thoughts of death/suicidal ideation/suicide attempt

  
  

  symptoms cause distress or impairment
• diagnosis of this disorder requires that a person experience either depressed mood or loss of interest in usual activities, plus at least four other symptoms of depression, chronically for at least 2 weeks

  
  

  these symptoms must be severe enough to interfere with the person's ability to function in every-day life

  major depressive disorder
• diagnosis for people who experience only one depressive episode

  major depressive disorder, single episode
• diagnosis for people who experience two or more episodes separated by at least 2 consecutive months without symptoms


  major depressive disorder, recurrent episode
• a syndrome characterized by a strong yearning for the deceased person and preoccupation with the loss, persistent regrets about one's own or others' behavior toward the deceased difficulty accepting the finality of the loss, and a sense that life is empty and meaningless

  complicated grief
• people who show complicated grief after a loss are more likely to be functioning poorly _ to _ years after the loss than are those who show milder grief reactions or those who show only symptoms of major depressive disorder

  2; 3
• former names for persistent depressive disorder

  dysthymic disorder; chronic major depressive disorder
• a disorder characterized by depressed mood for most of the day, for more days than not, for at least 2 years

  persistent depressive disorder
• in children and adolescents, persistent depressive disorder requires depressed or irritable mood for a duration of at least _ year

  1
• in persistent depressive disorder, the person must never have been without symptoms of depression for longer than a _ period during the 2 or 1 year/s

  2-month
• the diagnosis of persistent depressive disorder requires that presence of at least two of these symptoms

  poor appetite

  insomnia or hypersomnia

  low energy or fatigue

  low self-esteem

  poor concentration

  hopelessness
• most common disorders that are comorbid with depression

  substance abuse

  anxiety disorders

  eating disorders
• depression can either be the _ or _ of another disorder


  cause; effect
• 8 subtypes of major depressive episode

  anxious distress

  mixed features

  melancholic features

  psychotic features

  catatonic features

  atypical features

  seasonal pattern

  peripartum onset
• a subtype of MDD characterized by prominent anxiety symptoms

  anxiety distress
• a subtype of MDD characterized by have at least three symptoms of mania, but do not meet the full criteria for manic episode

  mixed features
• a subtype of MDD where the physiological symptoms of depression are prominent

  melancholic features
• a subtype of MDD characterized by delusions and hallucinations

  psychotic features
• a subtype of MDD characterized by strange behaviors, which can range from complete lack of movement to excited agitation

  catatonic features
• a subtype of MDD characterized by an odd assortment of symptoms

  atypical features
• a subtype of MDD

  
  

  people with this disorder have a history of at least 2 years of experiencing and fully recovering from major depressive episodes

  
  

  common where there are fewer hours of daylight

  seasonal pattern/seasonal affective disorder (SAD)
• a subtype of MDD where depression occurs during pregnancy or in the 4 weeks following childbirth

  peripartum onset
• a disorder separate from MDD characterized by depression, anxiety and tension, irritability and anger, mood swings, and physical symptoms

  
  

  occurs a week before menstruation

  premenstrual dysphoric disorder
• People who have diagnosis of major depression lose an average of _ days of work per year because of their symptoms.

  
  

  Depression in workers costs employers an estimated $_ billion per year in lost productivity alone (not including the cost of treatment).

  27; 37
• Discuss the DSM-5 criteria for Manic Episode or Bipolar I Disorder.

  To be diagnosed with Manic Episode, a person has to have an elevated, expansive, or irritable mood for at least one week, and at least 3 symptoms (4 if the mood is only irritable) of the following list:

  
  

  1. inflated self-esteem or grandiosity

  2. decreased need for sleep

  3. more talkative than usual

  4. flight of ideas or subjective experience that thoughts are racing

  5. distractibility (reported or observed)

  6. increase in goal-directed activity or psychomotor agitation (purposeless non-goal-directed activity)

  7. excessive involvement in activities that have a high potential for painful consequences

  
  

  Symptoms impair the individual's functioning.
• involves the same symptoms as mania, but the episodes are milder

  
  

  not severe enough to interfere with daily functioning, do not involve hallucinations or delusions, and last at least 4 consecutive days


  hypomania
• Discuss the criteria for Bipolar II Disorder.


  a person has to experience hypomania and major depressive episodes
• a type of bipolar disorder that is less severe but more chronic

  cyclothymic disorder
• Compare and contrast the criteria for Bipolar I and Bipolar II.

  Bipolar I:

  1. major depressive episodes can occur but are not necessary for diagnosis

  2. manic episodes are necessary for diagnosis

  3. hypomanic episodes can occur but are not necessary for diagnosis

  
  

  Bipolar II

  1. major depressive episodes are necessary for diagnosis

  2. manic episodes cannot be present for diagnosis

  3. hypomanic episodes are necessary for diagnosis
• disorder characterized by four or more mood episodes that meet criteria for manic, hypomanic, or major depressive episode within 1 year

  rapid cycling bipolar disorder