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Criminology
individualistic learning
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ella etheridge
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Cards (9)
Sutherland differential association theory:
KEY IDEA =
criminality
is the result of
imitation and learned attitudes
in groups that
favour law breaking
STUDY =
group attitudes in the workplace often normalise behaviour.
members are able to justify their
crimes
as everyone is doing it. (
White collar
)
strengths of Sutherland:
crime often runs in the family
MATTHEWS
=
juvenile delinquents
are more likely
too have friends who commit anti
social
acts.
they learn from
peer groups
limitation of Sutherland:
not everyone exposed to
criminal influences
become
criminal
skinner operant learning theory
KEY IDEA
= if a behaviour results in
reward
it will be
repeated.
if it results in
punishment it will
not
THIS LINKS TO CRIME =
Jeffery's differential reinforcement
theory
suggests crime
must have more
rewards
than
punishments for criminals
strengths of skinner:
JEFFERY =
Differential reinforcement theory
suggests crime must have more
rewards
than punishment for criminals
if behaviour has rewards it will be
repeated.
if behaviour has
punishments
it will not
limitations
of skinner:
animals are not the same as humans.
this study was only
done on rats/mice
ignores free will
of
humans. too
deterministic
theory ignores
mental processes
such as
thinking, attitudes and values
bandura social learning theory:
KEY IDEA
= much of our
behaviour
is learned from
role models
IMITATION
= we are more likely to
imitate people
of
higher
status than us if
we
see
them being
rewarded
EVIDENCE
=
bobo doll
study.
children
imitate
violent
adult if they were rewarded
strengths of bandura:
shows
importance
of
role models
when
learning deviance
takes account of
social
nature
as we
learn
from others
experience
limitations of bandura:
based on
lab studies
so lacks
validity
ignores
free will
so its too
deterministic
not all
observed behaviour
is
easily imitated.
may see criminals
rewarded
but
lack
skills
to
copy