LAST TERM SCIENCE

• Peristalsis


  The movements that bring the food to the different organs of digestion
• Chemical digestion


  • Change of soda cracker into a chyme
• Epiglottis


  A part of the pharynx which prevents food from entering the trachea (lungs)
• Small intestine: pancreas


  A pair of organs that produce enzymes that change starch to disaccharides
• Food movement through the digestive tract


  Wavelike contraction of the digestive organs
• Chemical digestion 


  Begins in the stomach and ends in the small intestine
• Excretory system


  The organ systems responsible for eliminating solid wastes from the body
• Peristalsis


  A wavelike motion of the muscles of the esophagus which push the food down
• Hydrochloric Acid


  Included in the gastric juice which digests food and kills bacteria
• Reabsorption of water


  Occurs when the undigested food reaches the large intestine
• Esophageal Sphincter


  Prevents the backward flow of food from stomach to esophagus
• Pancreas is not an organ of the alimentary tract
• The pancreas secretes the enzyme erepsin
• Sunlight is the primary source of energy for most living organisms on Earth
• Energy Pyramid


  The total amount of energy available at each trophic level in an ecosystem
• Photosynthesis


  The process of producing own food using sunlight, water, and nutrients from the soil
• Primary Consumer


  The trophic level that herbivores occupy in a food chain
• Herbivore


  The first-order consumer that constitutes the second trophic level
• Carnivore


  An organism that primarily eats meat or other animals
• 90%

  is the average of energy that enters each level of the food chain dissipates or is lost in the form of the heat.
• Tertiary Carnivore is the highest-order consumer occupying the last trophic level.
• Biogeochemical Cycle

  is the movement of elements like carbon, nitrogen, and phosphorus between living organisms and their environment.
• Reservoir is the storage of chemical nutrients are held in a place for a long period
• large intestine is a wider tube-like organ that absorbs water and electrolytes from undigested food, forming solid waste (feces). It consists of the cecum, colon, and rectum.
• pancreas is a gland located behind the stomach that produces digestive enzymes and hormones. It secretes pancreatic enzymes into the small intestine to further break down carbohydrates, proteins, and fats.
• gallbladder is a small organ located beneath the liver that stores and concentrates bile produced by the liver. When food containing fat enters the small intestine, the gallbladder contracts and releases bile into the intestine to help digest the fats.
• liver is the largest internal organ in the body and has numerous functions, including producing bile, which is stored in the gallbladder and released into the small intestine to aid in the digestion of fats.
• small intestine is a long tube-like organ where most of the digestion and absorption of nutrients takes place. It consists of three parts: the duodenum, jejunum, and ileum. Enzymes from the pancreas and bile from the liver aid in the breakdown of carbohydrates, proteins, and fats, and nutrients are absorbed into the bloodstream through the walls of the small intestine.
• stomach is a sac-like organ located in the upper abdomen. It continues the digestion process by mixing food with gastric juices, which contain enzymes and hydrochloric acid, to break down proteins and kill bacteria.
• esophagus is a muscular tube that connects the mouth to the stomach. It helps move chewed food from the mouth to the stomach through a series of muscle contractions called peristalsis.
• Mouth: Food enters the digestive system through the mouth, where it is chewed and mixed with saliva, which contains enzymes that begin the process of digestion.
• rectum is the final section of the large intestine, where feces are stored until they are eliminated from the body through the anus during defecation.
• Soil Erosion: Soil washing away.
• Water Shortage: Not enough clean water for people.
• Eutrophication: Water becoming overly rich in nutrients.
• Bioaccumulation: Toxins building up in organisms.
• Climate Change: Altering Earth's weather patterns.
• Acid Precipitation: Acidic rain or snow.
• Global Warming: Earth getting hotter.
• ratospheric Ozone Layer Depletion: Thinning of protective layer.