Funda

• Nursing


  The protection, promotion, and optimization of health and abilities; prevention of illness and injury; alleviation of suffering through the diagnosis and treatment of human response; and advocacy in the care of individuals, families, communities, and populations (ANA, 2015)
• Patient


  • Individuals
  • Families
  • Community
  • Population Group
• Professionalism in nursing


  • Requires Critical Thinking
  • Administer patient-centered quality care
  • Be responsible and accountable
• Career opportunities for nursing

  • Clinical Practice
  • Education
  • Research
  • Management
  • Administration
  • Entrepreneurship
• Nursing is both an art and a science; nursing practice requires a blend of current knowledge and practice standards with an insightful and compassionate approach to your patients' health care needs
• Clinical expertise takes time and commitment
• Benner's levels of proficiency in acquiring and developing nursing skills

  • Novice
  • Advanced Beginner
  • Competent
  • Proficient
  • Expert
• Novice


  Beginning nursing student or any nurse entering a situation in which there is no previous level of experience
• Advanced Beginner


  A nurse who has had some level of experience with the situation. This experience may be only observational in nature, but the nurse is able to identify meaningful aspects or principles of nursing care
• Competent


  A nurse who has been in the same clinical position for 2 to 3 years
• Proficient


  A nurse with more than 2 to 3 years of experience in the same clinical position
• Expert


  A nurse with diverse experience who has an intuitive grasp of an existing or potential clinical problem
• ANA Standards of Nursing Practice

  • Assessment
  • Diagnosis
  • Outcomes Identification
  • Planning
  • Implementation
  • Evaluation
• Autonomy


  An essential element of professional nursing that involves the initiation of independent nursing interventions without medical orders
• Accountability


  You are responsible professionally and legally for the type and quality of nursing care provided
• Caregiver


  • Help patients maintain and regain health, manage disease and symptoms, and attain a maximal level of function and independence through the healing process
• Educator


  • Explain concepts and facts about health, describe the reason for routine care activities, demonstrate procedures such as self-care activities, reinforce learning or patient behavior, and evaluate the patient's progress in learning
• Advocate


  • Protect your patient's human and legal rights and provide assistance in asserting these rights if the need arises
• Communicator


  • An effective communicator is central to the nurse-patient relationship. It allows you to know your patients, including their preferences, strengths, weaknesses, and needs
• Manager


  • Coordinates the activities of members of the nursing staff in delivering nursing care and has personnel, policy, and budgetary responsibility for a specific nursing unit or agency
• The US health care system is complex and constantly changing
• Traditional levels of health care

  • Preventative
  • Primary
  • Secondary
  • Tertiary
  • Restorative
  • Continuing health care

  
• Preventive Care


  Improved health outcomes for an entire population, reduces and controls risk factors for disease
• Primary care


  Focuses on improved health outcomes, requires collaboration

  
• Health promotion programs lower overall costs by reducing incidence of disease, minimizing complications, and reducing the need for more expensive resources
• Secondary Care


  Provided by a specialist upon referral, used when the nature or severity of a condition makes primary care insufficient
• Tertiary Care


  Specialized consultative care, usually provided on referral from secondary medical personnel
• Tertiary care settings


  • Hospitals
  • Intensive Care
  • Mental Health Facilities
  • Rural Hospitals
• Discharge Planning


  • Develops plan for continuing care, determines post-hospital destination, identifies patient needs, begins process while still hospitalized
• Restorative Services


  • Home care
  • Rehabilitation
  • Extended care facilities
• Home care


  Home services for health maintenance, education, illness, prevention, diagnosis and treatment of disease, palliation, and rehabilitation. Includes durable medical equipment and highly individualized care
• Rehabilitation


  Process aimed at enabling people with disabilities to reach and maintain their optimal physical, sensory, intellectual, psychological, and social functional levels
• Extended care facilities


  Provides intermediate medical, nursing, or custodial care for patients recovering from acute illness or disabilities. Includes intermediate care/skilled nursing facilities
• Continuing Care Settings


  • Nursing centers or facilities
  • Assisted living
  • Respite care
  • Adult day care centers
  • Palliative and Hospice Care
• Nursing centers or facilities

  Provide 24-hour intermediate and custodial care including nursing, rehabilitation, diet, social, recreational, and religious services for residents of any age with chronic or debilitating illness. Regulated by standards like the Omnibus Budget Reconciliation Act of 1987
• Assisted living


  Long-term care setting with a home environment and greater resident autonomy, no fee caps
• Respite care


  Provides short-term relief or "time off" for people providing home care to an individual who is ill, disabled, or frail
• Adult day care centers

  Provide a variety of health and social services to specific patient populations who live alone or with family in the community
• Palliative care


  Patient- and family-centered care approach with a goal of improving the quality of life of patients and families who are experiencing problems related to life-threatening illnesses

  
• Hospice care


  Focuses on palliative (not curative) care