Tle

• Phylogeny


  The history of the evolution of a species or group, especially in reference to lines of descent and relationships among broad groups of organisms
• Fish diversity


  Considered in terms of variety of their morphological, taxonomic, habitat and population attributes
• Coelacanths have lobe fins that resemble tetrapod limbs more than typical fish fins
• Coelacanths were thought to be extinct until 100-years ago when living specimens were found
• Coelacanths have a notochord instead of a typical spinal column
• Dunkleosteus

  • Didn't have teeth, but its jaw extended into teeth like plates that it could use to chomp down
  • The largest species found (D. Terrelli) reached nearly 30 feet long
  • Had a bite force of 750 kg at the tips of these blade like-teeth
• Lungfish

  • Have long filamentous fins
  • Can breathe atmospheric oxygen via its lungs, but also process gill slits and process
  • Digs itself into river beds, and can live for up to a year in a dry river bed (no water) in a state of hibernation
• Lanternfish


  • Never reach a foot in length yet have the largest population biomass of any vertebrates
  • So abundant that sonars used in the ocean will reflect off of them, creating a false sea floor on the sonar
  • Absorb more CO2 than the entire amazon rainforest, protect these guys
• Hagfish


  • No vertebral column, yet have a school
  • Have no true fins, and likely evolved backwards after the rise of vertebrates
  • Create a slime so durable and sticky that it can be (and currently attempting to be) used to create a bulletproof vest
• Whale Shark

  • The largest living fish, yet is a filter feeder
  • Spot patterns so unique to the individuals that technology used by NASA to identify stars is used to identify individual whale sharks
  • Curious intelligence, and remarkably docile
• Tetraodontiformes


  • Puffers and filefishes
• Pleuronectiformes


  • Flatfishes
• Perciformes


  • Perch-likes
• Scorpaeniformes


  • Scorpionfishes and flatheads
• Synbranchiformes


  • Spiny eels
• Syngnathiformes


  • Pipefishes and seahorses
• Gasterosteiformes


  • Sticklebacks and seamoths
• Zeiformes

  • Dories
• Cetomimiformes


  • Whalefishes
• Beryciformes


  • Sawbellies
• Stephanoberyciformes


  • Pricklefishes, bigscales and gibberfishes
• Beloniformes


  • Needle fishes
• Spine


  • The source of defense in fish
• Trunk Region


  The part of a fish that extends from the caudal margin of the operculum to the anus
• Lateral Line


  A single line that may be an open groove or a row of pores in the skin
• Operculum


  The part of a fish that covered the gill cavity
• Mouth positions


  • Inferior (catfish)
  • Sub-terminal
  • Terminal
  • Superior (beta fish)(hatchet fish)
• Eyes


  • Fish have two eyes without eyelids
• Snout


  The region between the eye and the tip of the upper jaw
• Nostrils


  Consist of a blind section on each side which has a sensory function, but no respiratory function
• Cheek


  The region between the eye and the preopercle
• Barbels


  Sensory structures which carry tactile and chemical receptors
• Spines


  A source of defense
• Sensory canals


  Recognized by rows of pores in the skin and have sensory functions
• Operculum (Gill cover)


  Covers the gill cavity
• Folds


  Surround the mouth to increase the surface area
• Nuchal region


  The dorsal surface just behind the occiput
• Isthmus


  The most anterior ventral part of the body that extends forward below and between the gills openings
• Lateral line


  The continuation of the sensory canals of the head, along each side of the fish. It is usually a single line (may be an open groove or a row of pores in the skin), has sensory function, and may be multiple or variously reduced
• Gill openings


  Typically in a lateral position covered by the operculum