Module 1

• Genetic engineering

  -refers to various techniques and procedures used in gene manipulation
• Target DNA

  -the gene of interest
• Restriction enzyme

  -enzymes identify specific base sequence and cut the DNA at a specific point between two nucleotides.
• DNA Cloning Vectors

  -materials used to carry the target DNA
• Host Cell

  -A cell that is able to accept the target DNA to multiply or replicate it.
• Modifying enzymes

  -enzymes involved in degradation, synthesis and alteration of the nucleic acids.
• Four stages of gene cloning

  1. Isolation
  2. Insertion
  3. Introduction
  4. Amplification
• Gene

  -sequence of DNA that codes for a specific trait.
• Allele

  -the alternative forms of gene
• Locus

  -the location of the genes in chromosomes
• Dominant

  -represented by UPPERCASE letters
• Recessive

  -represented by lowercase letter
• Homozygote

  -combination of similar alleles
• Heterozygote

  -combination of different alleles
• Phenotype

  -the appearance of specifies genotype
• Test cross

  -used to determine if an individual with dominant trait is homozygote or heterozygote
• gregor mendel

  -father of genetics
• law of segregation

  -these pair of alleles will separate or segregate (meiosis)