NCM 101 - NEURO

• Central nervous system - consist of brain, spinal cord, and brain stem
• Peripheral nervous system - autonomic and somatic nervous system
• autonomic nervous system - consists of parasympathetic and sympathetic
• sympathetic - fight or flight response
• parasympathetic - relaxed
• the brain is connected to spinal cord by the brainstem
• spinal cord - sensory and motor neuron
• afferent - sensory
• efferent - nerves that carry impulses away from the CNS to the body
• if you touch a hot pan the afferent sends signals to the spinal cord and it will send a message to the muscle through the efferent
• reflexes - how an infant communicate around them
• nervous system - begin to form in the womb of the mother in the first 3 weeks of fetal development
• responses by the newborn are primarily primitive reflexes
• there are neurological disorders if the primitive reflexes don't disappear
• tonic neck reflex - not normal if it's still appearing after 7-11 months
• rooting reflex - if you touch the cheek of the baby, immediately they will turn on that stimulus
• rooting reflex - appears at birth, should disappear after 4 months
• sucking reflex - is the first reflex that is developed in the newborn
• palmar grasp - at birth, disappears after 3-4 months after birth
• plantar grasp - it should disappear 8-10 months after birth
• sucking reflex - if you place a finger, nipple, or a baby bottle infront of the baby's mouth, they will start instinctively suck
• Babinski reflex - fanning of the toes, normal who are 2 years old and below; disappears as early as 12 months
• Tonic neck reflex - if the face of the baby face in this certain direction, all extremities will extend in this direction
• moro reflex - ready to hug, appears at birth when you pick up baby and hears a loud noise
• moro reflex - should disappear 4-6 months
• landau reflex - baby will be in prone position, already to lift their head
• landau reflex - appear 3 months after birth, last up to 12-24 months
• the disappearance of the reflexes means the baby's brain is maturing, developing, growing
• presistence of the reflexes means there are neurological disorders
• the gait of a child will have a wide-based gait, they can balance themself with one foot by 4 years of age
• Eyes 4/4 - eyes are open and follow you
• Eyes 3/4 - eyes are close but opens when called
• Eyes 2/4 - eyes are closed, but need to do a painful stimulus to open the eyes
• Eyes 1/4 - eyes have no response
• Verbal 5/5 - the patient can respond appropriately
• Verbal 4/5 - the patient says confusing statement
• Verbal 3/5 - the patient verbalize incomprehensive sounds
• Verbal 2/5 - moaning, crying or any other statements the nurse cannot understand
• Verbal 1/5 - no response
• Motor 6/6 - the patient can respond to the task given