ROOTS

• What are the three functions of roots?

  1. Absorption
  2. Anchorage
  3. Storage of Food
• What process do roots use to absorb the water from the soil?

  Osmosis
• The root system consists of:

  1. Primary
  2. Secondary
  3. Tertiary
• These are early roots that grows downwards and can become taproots.

  Primary Roots
• These roots are also called as "lateral roots," wherein they develop from the primary root, hence they are smaller. These roots also branch on the sides.

  Secondary Roots
• These roots develop from secondary roots, hence they are the smallest among the primary and secondary. They also grow in different directions and provide additional stability to the plant.

  Tertiary Roots
• This is part of the external structure of the roots, and is located at the tip of the roots. It is a multicellular structure always in a divisive state; and protects the apical meristem from mechanical injury.

  Root Cap
• This is the growth region in plants found within the root tips.

  Apical Meristem
• This area is also known as the "Meristematic Region." It is located a few inches above the root cap, and this is where cells are actively dividing.

  Area of Cell Division
• This area is behind the meristematic region; and this is where newly formed cells increase in length, thereby lengthening the root.

  Area of Elongation
• This area is also known as the "Piliferous Region," where cells specialize or differentiate into their unique role like cortex, epidermis, and root hairs.

  Area of Maturation
• It is part of the internal structure of the root and is also known as "stele." It is the central portion of the plant root and stem and contains xylem, phloem, and pericycle.

  Vascular Cylinder
• It is part of the internal structure of the root and surrounds the vascular cylinder. It transports water and nutrients that is absorbed by the epidermis into the vasculature and stores substances such as starch, resins, and essential oils.

  Cortex
• It is part of the internal structure of the roots, and is located outside the cortex. It is a waxy cuticle layer which provides a protective barrier against mechanical injury, water loss, and infection of the plant.

  Epidermis
• It is part of the internal structure of the root; it is a layer that separates the cortex from the vascular cylinder; and it regulates the movement of water, ions, and hormones into and out of the vascular system.

  Endodermis
• It is part of the internal structure of the root; it is the outermost layer of the central vascular cylinder; and it gives rise to branch roots through mitosis.

  Pericycle
• It is part of the internal structure of the root; it produces secondary xylem toward the inside of the root and secondary phloem toward the outside of the root; and it responsible for increasing the diameter of stems and roots.

  Vascular Cambium
• What are the two major types of root systems?

  1. Taproot System
  2. Fibrous System
• It is a type of root system wherein it contains a single and thick primary root known as a taproot.

  Taproot System
• What type of root do dicot plants have?

  Taproots
• What type of root do monocot plants have?

  Fibrous roots
• Carrots, dandelions, and pine trees are plants with...

  Taproots
• It is a type of root system wherein it contain numerous small roots that spread out in all directions from the plant stem.

  Fibrous Root System
• Rice, corn, and grass are plants with...

  Fibrous Roots
• This type of root has one main, thick root that grows downwards.

  Taproot
• In this type of root, all roots are of same size.

  Fibrous root