SocSci

• The four Industrial Revolutions

  • First Industrial Revolution (1760-1840)
  • Second Industrial Revolution (1870-1914)
  • Third Industrial Revolution (1950s-1970s)
  • Fourth Industrial Revolution
• First Industrial Revolution (1760-1840)


  • Mechanization using Water and Steam
  • Started in Britain
  • Textile manufacturing shifted from hand-made to mechanized
  • Products are produced by using specialized machines in factories
  • Transportation, communication and banking improved
• Second Industrial Revolution (1870-1914)

  • Mass Production using Electricity
  • Power station, power generators, and the telephone were born
  • Improvement in wealth because of inventions like the telephone, typewriter, refrigerator, washing machine, etc.
  • Electric cars and electric railroad were built
• Third Industrial Revolution (1950s-1970s)

  • Automation using digital electronics and information technology
  • Known as Digital Revolution
  • Mech-digital electronics
  • Birth of computer, digital mobile phones, automation
• Fourth Industrial Revolution


  • Innovation based on fusion of physical digital and biological
  • AI (artificial intelligence), autonomous vehicles
  • Birth of social media
• Arguments


  A reason given with the aim of persuading others that an action or idea is right or wrong (pursue someone to agree)
• Arguments against scientific innovations

  • Destroy habitat
  • Erodes human
  • Tech faster than human evil force
  • Hallmarks of Nature
• Negative impacts of innovation - Ex. Hiroshima bomb
• Positive impacts of scientific innovation

  • Economic
  • Social
  • Political
• Arguments against scientific innovations

  • Contrary to nature
  • Contrary to humans
  • Contrary to technology
  • Contrary to God
• Positive impacts of scientific innovation

  • Large machines that led to the growth of factories
  • Travelling became more efficient to help us to socialize
  • People had access to true info leading to better leadership
• Organization


  • Collection of people, who are involved in pursuing defined objectives
  • Social system, all formal human relationship, division of work among employees
  • Alignment of task towards the ultimate goal
• Types of organization


  • Non-Governmental Organization (NGOs)
  • Governmental Organization
• Non-Governmental Organization (NGOs)


  Non-profit organizations that work independently to promote humanitarian and environmental support
• Governmental Organization


  General org that deal w/ concern issue or diverse
• United Nations Organization


  Leading global intergovernmental organization, made up of 193 member states
• Goals of the United Nations Organization

  • Maintain intern peace and security
  • Friendly relations
  • International cooperation in solving intern problems
  • Harmonizing the actions of nations
• United Nations' Bodies


  • General Assembly – main policymaking body
  • Secretariat – chief administrative office
  • International Court of Justice – universal court for international law
  • Security Council – ensures international peace and security(15member)
  • Economic and Social Council – encourages economic and social cooperation
  • Trusteeship Council – supervise the 11 Trust Territories
• Opposing ideologies of the US and Soviet Union


  • United States
  • Soviet Union
• Govermental Organization

  • Regional - deal with diverse issues at a regional level
  • Functional - deal with specific concern or issue
  • Global - deal with diverse issues at the global level
• United States


  • A capitalist country
  • Fought its freedom from an imperialist power
  • Rebuild European government to promote stable market
  • Reunite Germany to stabilize and increase security in Europe
• Soviet Union


  • A communist country
  • Result of tyrant's force to monopolize power
  • Rebuild its war-ravaged economy using Eastern Europe's industrial equipment and raw materials
  • Keep Germany divided to prevent it from waging war again
• Iron Curtain


  Separating communist East and Democratic east
• Truman Doctrine


  US aid the foreign counties threatening the expansion of USSR
• Marshall Plan


  US provide 13billion dollar to restore Europe
• Policy of Containment


  Prevent further USSR aggression and keep communism within its boundaries
• Global events that reflected the conflict between US and Soviet Union

  • Cold war resulted to division among countries and created new alliances
  • Cuban Missile Crisis
  • Korean War
  • Vietnam War and the Domino theory
• Cold War


  1. Division among countries

  2. Creation of new alliances
• NATO (1949)


  Military alliance of US and Canada with other European nations vowing to provide mutual help when one of them was attacked
• Cuban Missile Crisis


  Cuba leader will agree the soviet to pull out ships only if US vowed not to occupy Cuba
• Korean War


  1. Korea divided into two; North and South

  2. North Korea - Soviet

  3. South Korea - US
• Vietnam War and the Domino theory


  1. Vietnam divided into two

  2. North-leader (communist forces)

  3. South-US and France (capitalist govern)

  4. Now, Vietnam is a communist country
• 
  

  - Taiwan was not part of UN, since it was not recognized by the UN as a sovereign country

  # China and Taiwan Today

  - Chine with its “One China Policy’, officially negated the

  claim of republic of China (Taiwan) as a sovereign country.

  # China Policy

  - Diplomatic acknowledgement of China’s position that there

  is only one Chinese government.
• European colonization


  Root cause of slavery in Africa
• After the age of colonialism


  Westerners left marks of chaos, economic and political instability to the African society
• Ghana


  • Leader: Kwane Nkumah
  • Problems: lack of many to support strengthening all African countries
• Kenya


  • Leader: Jomo Kenyatta
  • Problem: various ethnic became very challenging to unite
• Algeria


  • Leader: Ahmed Ben Bella
  • Problems: unemployment and dissatisfaction of the government
• Congo


  • Leaders: Seko, Kabila
  • Problems: failure to seized rebellion and leftist
• Africa


  • Leaders: tutu, klerk, mandela, Mbeki
  • Problems: Racism, unemployment, crime, poverty, aids