SCI A REVIWE

    Cards (47)

    • Mapping the Inner Earth
      • seismograph - device used to measure earthquakes
      • seismometer - modern seismographs
      • seismogram - data recorded by seismometers
      • seismologist - a person who studies seismology
    • Seismic Waves
      • Body Waves- P -Waves and S -Waves
      • Surface Waves - Love Waves and Rayleigh Waves
    • P Waves
      • Primary seismic waves, fastest, detected in both solids and liquids
    • S waves
      • Secondary seismic waves, slower than P-Waves, detected only in solids
    • Love Waves
      • Dispersive surface waves with horizontal motion, perpendicular to the direction of wave propagation
    • Rayleigh Waves
      • Motion is a combination of longitudinal compression and dilation that results in an elliptical motion of points on the surface
    • Plate Tectonics
      • All-Earth-a single landmass or supercontinent from which Earth began
      • Continental Drift Theory-proposed by Alfred Wegener and proposed the Pangaea
      • Gondwana and Laurasia -two major supercontinents after the breaking of Pangaea
      • Seafloor Spreading Theory -proposed by Harry Hess that seafloors and not the continents are moving and carrying continents along
      • Plate Tectonics Theory -the lithosphere is made of independent slabs of solid rocks called plates which float on the plastic mantle
    • Plate Boundaries and Interactions
      • Convergent Plate Boundary-continental-continental, continental-oceanic, oceanic-oceanic
      • Divergent Plate Boundary-plates are moving apart and new crust is being produced
      • Transform Plate Boundary-plates are moving horizontally past each other
    • Triangulation
      Process of locating the epicenter of an earthquake using data from multiple seismograph stations
    • Types of Mountains and Mountain Ranges
      • Fold Mountains-formed through plate convergence
      • Volcanic Mountains-formed by volcanic activity
      • Erosion Formed Mountains-shaped by erosion
      • Dome Mountain Ranges-made by upwarping of tectonic plates
      • Fault-Block Mountain Ranges-made by movement of normal faults causing tensional forces
    • Electromagnetic Induction
      A changing magnetic field produces an electric current
    • Faraday's Law

      A change in the strength of a magnetic field (magnetic flux) induces a current
    • Lenz's Law

      The induced current creates a magnetic field that opposes the change in the magnetic flux
    • Magnetic Flux
      The quantity of magnetism passing through a surface
    • Generators
      • Devices that can convert mechanical energy to electrical energy
      • Armature -consists of coils of insulated wire wound around a soft iron core
      • Field -either an electromagnet or permanent magnet used as a source of magnetic field
      • Slip Rings -made of either brass or copper
      • Brushes -stationary part sliding with the slip rings that collects the current and transmits to the external circuit
    • DC Generators
      Generators that induce a direct current (DC) but no slip rings
    • Motors
      • Devices that can convert electrical energy to mechanical energy
      • (Rotor) consists of coils of insulated wire wound around a soft iron core
      • (Stator) either an electromagnet or permanent magnet used as a source of magnetic field
      • (Commutator) rotary electrical switch that periodically reverses the current direction
    • AC Motors
      • Electric motors that are driven by alternating current (AC)
      • Synchronous AC motors and induction motors have no commutators and brushes
    • DC Motors
      • Rotary electric motors that convert Direct Current (DC) energy into mechanical energy
      • Brushed DC motor and brushless DC motor
    • Light
      An electromagnetic (EM) wave
    • Light
      • A transverse wave
      • Produced by accelerating charges
      • Can travel in vacuum
      • Has a speed of 290,792,458 m/s
    • Wave Equation
      Quantity: speed of propagation, wavelength, frequency
    • EM Spectrum Regions
      • Radio Waves
      • Microwaves
      • Infrared Waves
      • Visible Light Waves
      • Ultraviolet Rays
      • X-Rays
      • Gamma Rays
    • EM Spectrum Region
      Designation, Unit, Applications/Uses
    • Ionizing radiation includes X-rays and Gamma rays
    • Nonionizing radiation, those that include the other regions of the EM spectrum, though less dangerous, pose a health threat
    • Radio waves
      Can interfere with a pacemaker
    • Overexposure to EM radiation
      Can cause blindness, burns, or delayed effects like cancer
    • Plane Mirrors
      • Image formed is virtual, upright, and same size as the object
    • Concave Mirrors
      • Location of image depends on location of object
      • Image can be real, inverted, and smaller/larger than object
    • Convex Mirrors
      • Image is always virtual, upright, and smaller than the object
    • Mirror Equation
      Quantity: focal length, object distance, image distance, magnification
    • Magnification
      Ratio of image size to object size
    • CONTINENTAL CRUST - made up of light granitic rocks
    • OCEANIC CRUST - the part that underlies the ocean and is composed of dense basaltic rocks
    • MOHOROVICIC DISCONTINUITY - marks the boundary between the crust and the upper mantle
    • UPPER MANTLE - both solid and plastic
    • LOWER MANTLE - more solid than the upper mantle due to more pressure
    • GUTENBERG DISCONTINUITY - boundary between the mantle and core
    • CORE - most of Earth's volume, the greatest density