respiration

• describe cellular respiration

  exothermic reaction that transfers energy from glucose continuously occurring in living cells
• give uses of energy transferred

  build larger molecules, movement and maintain body temperature
• give types of respiration

  aerobic and anaerobic
• describe aerobic

  with oxygen, inside mitochondria, most efficient - more energy transferred due to complete oxidation
• give word equation for aerobic respiration

  glucose + oxygen → carbon dioxide + water
• give chemical equation of aerobic respiration

  C6H12O6 + 6O2 → 6CO2 + 6H2O
• describe anaerobic respiration

  without oxygen and least efficient - less energy transferred due to incomplete oxidation
• give word equation of anaerobic respiration

  glucose → lactic acid
• give word equation of anaerobic respiration in plants and yeast

  glucose → ethanol + carbon dioxide
• describe anaerobic respiration in yeast cells

  fermentation used in manufacture of bread and alcoholic drinks
• describe affect of exercise

  1. increased demand for energy from respiration
  2. increase heart rate, breathing rate and breath volume
  3. increase oxygenated blood supply
• describe affect of anaerobic respiration

  1. lactic acid produced
  2. lactic acid build up
  3. create oxygen debt
• describe oxygen debt

  amount of extra oxygen needed after exercise to react with and remove lactic acid
• describe removal of lactic acid

  1. transported by blood from muscles to liver
  2. reacted with oxygen
  3. converted into glucose
• describe metabolism

  sum of all chemical reactions in cell or body
• give examples of chemical reactions included by metabolism

  respiration, conversion of glucose to glycogen, starch and cellulose, formation of lipids from glycerol and fatty acids, formation of amino acids from glucose and nitrate ions for protein synthesis, formation of urea from excess protein breakdown for excretion