B1: Cell structure and transport

• Magnification =


  Size of image / Size of real object

  
• Nucleus


  Controls all of the activities of the cell

  Also includes the DNA or genes on the chromosomes, along with the instructions for making proteins for new cells

  
• Ribosomes


  Where protein synthesis takes place, making all of the proteins needed in the cell
• Mitochondria


  Where aerobic respiration takes place for releasing energy for the cell.

  The folded membranes inside it increase the surface area for respiration to take place

  
• Chloroplasts


  Contains chlorophyll, which absorbs sunlight and helps the plant to photosynthesise

  
• Lysosomes

  Breaks down excess/worn-our organelles using digestive/hydrolytic enzymes

  
• Plasma membrane


  Controls what substances enter and leave the cell

  
• Cell wall


  Made of cellulose that strengthens the cell and gives it support

  
• Vacuole


  Filled with cell sap, keeps cells rigid to support the plant

  
• Prokaryote


  A unicellular organism that lacks a nucleus.

  It's DNA is suspended freely in the cytoplasm

  
• Eukaryote


  An organism that contains a nucleus.

  
• Passive transport


  The movement of substances across a cell that doesn't use energy

  
• Active transport


  The movement of substances across a cell that does use energy

  
• Hypotonic


  When a solution has a lower concentration of solutes than another solution

  
• Hypertonic


  When a solution has a higher concentration of solutes than another solution

  
• Isotonic


  When the concentration of two solutions is the same