STS Finals Lesson 4

• Nanometer


  A unit of length in the metric system, equal to one billionth of the meter (10⁻⁹)
• Technology


  The making, usage, and knowledge of tools, machines and techniques in order to solve a problem or perform a specific function
• Nanotechnology


  Study of manipulating matter on an atomic scale
• Nanotechnology


  Refers to the constructing and engineering of the functional systems at very microlevel
• The first concept of nanotechnology was presented by the famous professor in physics Dr. Richard Feynman


  Dr. Richard Feynman
• Invention of the Scanning Tunneling Microscope

  1981
• Discovery of fullerene

  1985
• The term 'nanotechnology' was coined by Norio Taniguchi


  1974
• Lithography


  A printing process that uses a flat stone or metal plate on which the image areas are worked using a greasy substance so that the ink will adhere to them, while the non-image areas are made ink-repellent
• Bottom-up approach in nanotechnology

  • Manufactures products by building them up from atomic and molecular-scale components
  • Can be time consuming
  • Scientists and engineers are still in search for effective ways of putting up together the molecular components that self-assemble and from the bottom-up to organized structures
• Top-down approach in nanotechnology

  • Trims down large pieces of materials into nanoscale
  • Needs larger amounts of materials
  • Discards excess raw materials
• Nanometer is a unit of length in the metric system,

  equal to one billionth of the meter( 10 ⁹)
• Technology is the making, usage,and knowledge

  of tools, machines and techniques in order to

  solve a problem or perform a specific function.

  Technology
• Nanotechnology

  Study of manipulating matter on an atomic scale.

  Refers to the constructing and engineering of the functional

  systems at very microlevel
• A unit of length in the metric system, equal to one billionth of the meter (10⁻⁹)


  one billionth of the meter (10⁻⁹)
• Macro - often see with your eyes
• Micro - often requires a microscope to see
• Nano - requires a Highly specialized microscope
• Timelines

  1. Passive nanostructures - 1st generation product dispersed and contact nanostructures, Products incorporating nanostructures,Reinforced opposite; nanostructures metals, polymers, ceramics
  2. Active Nanostructures - bio active, Health affects, physico-chemical active
  3. Systems of Nanosystem - Guided assembling, 3D networking and new heirarchial architecture,robotics,evolutionary
  4. Molecular Nanosystem - molecular device " by design" automic design, emerging Function
• Tools & Technology

  Modern Development - AFM or Automic Force Microscope and STM or Scanning Tunneling Microscope
• Techniques of Nanolithography


  *Optical Lithography

  * X- ray Lithography

  *Dip pen Nanolithography

  *Electron beam Lithography
• Lithography - in MEMS typically the transfer of a pattern into photosenstive material by selecting exposure to a radiation source such as light
• Lithography -

  • is a printing process that uses a flat stone or metal plate on which the image areas are worked using a greasy substance so that the ink will adhere to them by, while the non-image areas are made ink-repellent.
• Carbon nanotubes -

  Are allotropes of carbon with a cylindrical nano structure.

  Member of fullerene structural family

  Helps in creating light weight space craft

  Easily penetrates membranes

  Electrical resistance
• Nanotechnology in Drugs - Provide new option for Drugs delivery and Drug Therapies, Release medicine to kill tumor, Enaable to delivered to precisely Right Location
• Nanotechnology in Fabrics - The properties of familiar materials are being changed by manufacurers who are adding nano-sised Components to conventional materials to improve performance
• Nanotechnology in Mobile - Concept deviced developed by nokia research center(NRC) and University of Cambridge(UK)
• Nanorods - is a upcoming technology in the displays techniques due to less consumption of electricity and less heat emissions
• Research at north carolina state university says that growing arrays of magnetic nanoparticles called nanodots
• when was the The first concept was presented in 1959
• The Most Dangerous Nano application use for military purposes is the Nano-bomb that contained engineered self multiplying viruses
• some cloth manufacturers are making water and stain repellent clothing using nano-sized whisker in fabrics
• available light source using photovoltaic nanowire grass covering its surface
• Nanowires enables flat panel displays to be flexible as well as thinner than current flat panel
• Silver nanocrystals - have been embedded in the bandages to kill bacterias and prevent infections
• Aerogels - lightest known solid due to good insulating properties is used in the spaces suits and are proposed to used in spacecrafts
• The term nano technology have

  been coined by Norio Taniguchi