PPT 1

Cards (90)

  • Phototroph
    Organism that uses light as an energy source
  • Chemotroph
    Organism that uses chemical energy as an energy source
  • Autotroph
    Organism that uses carbon dioxide as its sole carbon source
  • Heterotroph
    Organism that uses organic compounds other than carbon dioxide as its carbon source
  • Photoautotroph
    Organism that uses light as an energy source and carbon dioxide as a carbon source
  • Chemoheterotroph
    Organism that uses chemical energy as an energy source and organic compounds other than carbon dioxide as a carbon source
  • Endoenzyme
    Enzyme produced within a cell that remains within the cell to catalyze reactions
  • Exoenzyme
    Enzyme produced within a cell that is then released from the cell to catalyze extracellular reactions
  • Plasmid
    Small circular DNA molecule found in bacteria
    1. factor
    Plasmid that confers resistance to antibiotics
  • "Superbug"

    Bacteria that are resistant to multiple antibiotics
  • Mutation
    Change in the genetic material of an organism
  • Mutant
    Organism with a mutation
  • Mutagen
    Agent that causes mutations
  • Apoenzyme
    Protein that cannot catalyze a chemical reaction on its own
  • Coenzyme
    Small organic, vitamin-type molecule that assists an apoenzyme in catalyzing a reaction
  • Holoenzyme
    Complete enzyme consisting of an apoenzyme and its coenzyme
  • Catabolism
    Breakdown of larger molecules into smaller molecules, releasing energy
  • Anabolism
    Assembly of smaller molecules into larger molecules, requiring energy
  • Adenosine triphosphate (ATP)

    Major energy-storing or energy-carrying molecule within a cell
  • Biochemical pathway
    Series of linked biochemical reactions that occur in a stepwise manner, leading from a starting material to an end product
  • Aerobic respiration

    Complete catabolism of glucose, occurring in three phases: glycolysis, Krebs cycle, and electron transport chain
  • Glycolysis
    Nine-step biochemical pathway that breaks down glucose into two molecules of pyruvic acid
  • Krebs cycle

    Series of chemical reactions that further break down the pyruvic acid produced in glycolysis
  • Electron transport chain
    Series of chemical reactions that use the energy released from the Krebs cycle to produce ATP
  • Physiology is the study of the vital life processes of organisms, especially how these processes normally function in living organisms
  • Microbial physiology is the study of the life processes of microorganisms
  • All living protoplasm contains six major chemical elements: carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, phosphorus, and sulfur
  • Other elements, usually required in lesser amounts, include sodium, potassium, chlorine, magnesium, calcium, iron, iodine, and some trace elements
  • Combinations of all these elements make up the vital macromolecules of life, including carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, and nucleic acids
  • Essential nutrients are materials that organisms are unable to synthesize, but are required for the building of macromolecules and sustaining life
  • Phototrophs use light as an energy source, and the process by which organisms convert light energy into chemical energy is called photosynthesis
  • Chemolithotrophs are organisms that use inorganic chemicals as an energy source
  • Chemoorganotrophs are organisms that use organic chemicals as an energy source
  • Ecology is the study of the interactions between organisms and the world around them
  • Ecosystem refers to the interactions between living organisms and their nonliving environment
  • Phototrophs (like algae and plants) are the producers of food and oxygen for chemoheterotrophs (such as animals)
  • Photoautotrophs contribute energy to the ecosystem by trapping energy from the sun and using it to build organic compounds from inorganic materials
  • Metabolism refers to all the chemical reactions that occur within any cell
  • Chemical reactions are referred to as metabolic reactions, and metabolic reactions are enhanced and regulated by enzymes, known as metabolic enzymes