Henry VIII: Government and Religion: More+Cromwell 1529-1540

• Constitutional Revolution: Henry became head of Church and State, Royal Authority extended over Wales and semi-independent regions.
• Political Revolution:

  Parliament required to pass Reformation legislation
• Bureaucratic Revolution:

  Privy Council became engine of Government
• Royal Council:

  No more than 20 members

  Trained lawyers and bureaucrats

  Suggested by Wolsey in 1526 but reduced in 1536-37 during Pilgrimage of Grace
• Finance: New departments

  Court of Augmentations: controlled former Church land

  Court of General Surveyors: Handled ex-monastic land, later amalgamated with above

  Court of First Fruits and Tenths: Collected money that would have been annates

  Court of Wards: Enforced feudal rights and collected inheritance dues
• Parliament in session 136/183 weeks during 1529-47
• Early 1530s House of Lords: 51 Peers, 21 Bishops, 29 Abbots

  1534: 55 Peers, 55 Bishops, No Abbots after Monasteries dissolved.
• 1532 - First Act of Annates: Annates: banned
• 1533 - Act of Restraint of Appeals to Rome: Henry and Catherine of Aragón's marriage nullified by Cranmer, Rome no longer had marital jurisdiction
• January 1534 - Second Act of Annates: Bishops and Abbots to be appointed by King
• March 1534 - Act to Stop Peter's Pence: Taxation to Rome abolished
• March 1534: Act of the Submission of the Clergy - Church courts replaced by King's court
• November 1534: Act of Supremacy - Henry officially made Supreme Head of the Church of England
• December 1534: Treason Act - Treason defined in 'word as well as deed.'
• December 1534: Acts for First Fruits and Tenths - clerical taxes to go to the King
• February 1536: Act for Dissolution of Lesser Monasteries - all worth under £200 dissolved

  June: Act of 10 Articles - Only Baptism, Eucharist and Penance accepted sacraments

  August: Royal Injunctions - Lord's Prayer to be taught, Pilgrimages abandoned and Supremacy to be defended
• June 1539: Act of Six Articles:

  Confirmed - Transubstantiation, private masses and hearing of Confession

  Banned - Marriage of Priests, Marriage of the avowed Chaste, Taking of Communion

  Act for the Dissolution of the Greater Monasteries
• May 1543: Act for the Advancement of True Religion: Access to English Bible restricted to nobles in private
• December 1545: Chantries Act - Chantries permitted to be dissolved (Not enforced)
• 1540: Henry's marriage to Anne of Cleves orchestrated by Cromwell.

  Henry desired niece of the Duke of Norfolk, Cromwell's rival.

  Arrested based on introduction of Protestant reforms and not enforcing six articles.

  Executed the same day Henry married Catherine Howard, 28th July 1540
• Cromwell had supported the rule of law - 883 charged with treason, 329 executed, over 50% of this as a result of the pilgrimage of Grace
• 1530: William Tyndale's vernacular (English) Bible burnt

  Clergy accused of Praemunire (Prioritising the Church's power over the King's)
• 1531: Clergy pardoned for Praemunire, Henry paid £119,000

  Convocation of Canterbury put made Henry "Head of the Church so far as the Law of Christ allows."
• 1535: Valor Ecclesiasticus - Survey of Church Assets

  Execution of Carthusian Monks, Bishop Fisher and More
• 1537: Matthew's Protestant Bible published
• 1538: Treaty of Nice between Charles V and Francis I led to a threat of invasion, which prompted the more Catholic Six Articles.

  September - more Injunctions issued - relics, pilgrimages removed/discouraged, births, deaths and marriages to be registered and English Bible to be in every parish