RETREIVAL FAILURE

• explanation for forgetting in?


  LTM
• what does the theory state?

  that we cannot retrieve info from ltm if we don't have the appropriate context or clues
• what do brown and mcneill refer to it as?

  tip of the tongue phenomenon
• who discovered ESP?

  endel tulving
• what does ESP stand for

  encodings specificity prinicipal
• What is it?


  the way you remember something is influenced by how you officially learned it
• what are cues?

  a trigger of information that allows us to access a memory and they may be meaningful or indirectly linked by being encoded at the time of learning
• what are the two types of forgetting

  context dependant + state dependant
• context dependant forgetting?


  tendency to forget things out of context and recall easier when in original context
• state dependant forgetting?


  when recall depends on an internal cue (state of mind) e.g drunk sleepy anxious
• Godden + Baddeley (1975) deep sea divers


  - deep sea divers learned a list of words either underwater or on land

  - 4 conditions -

  - learn on land recall on land

  - learn in water recall in water

  - learn on land recall on water

  - learn in water recall on land
• results?


  accurate recall was 40% lower in nin-matching conditions
• AO3: strength


  - context related cues have useful everyday applications

  - retrieving something in different rooms but forgetting until they return

  - further real life app - police context reinstatement
• AO3: strength


  - range of evidence supporting this explanation

  - deep sea divers

  - some researchers argue its the main reason of forgetting

  - increasing validity of explanation
• AO3: Weakness


  - context effects aren't really strong in real life

  - baddely argued contexts have to be very different before and effect can be seen

  - learning something in one room and retrieving in another is unlikely retreibal failure as the 2 environments aren't different enough