DEPRESSION

• Definition of depression


  a low sad state in which life seems bleak and lifes challenges seem overwhelming
• Behavioural characteristics of depression

  Activity levels - reduced energy levels leading to withdrawal from work, education and social life

  Also leads to psychomotor agitation

  Disruption to sleep + eating - insomnia and hypersomnia, increase or decrease in appetite leading to weight gain/loss

  Aggression and self harm - irritability, verbal aggression, physical aggression directed at themself
• emotional characteristics of depression

  Lowered mood, anger, low self esteem
• cognitive characteristics of depression

  Poor concentration

  Dwelling on the negative

  Absolutist thinking
• aaron becks theory of depression

  depression is due to

  - negative schemas

  - faulty info processing

  - the negative triad
• what does the negative triad consist of?

  negative self view

  negative world view

  negative future view
• Boury et als study ?


  monitored students thoughts with the beck depression theory found that depressives misinterpret facts and experiences negatively
• Ellis' ABC model


  activating event, beliefs, consequences
• musturbation


  belief that an individual must meet perfectionist goals
• utopianism


  belief that everything should be fair and equal
• AO3: strength


  Practical application to CBT
• AO3: Weakness


  partial explanation to depression, not all due to an activating event
• General eval
• AO3: strengths


  :) - based on scientific research

  :) - reductionist - single simple treatment
• AO3: Weakness's


  :( - reductionist

  :( - negative thinking could be a symptom not a cause

  :( - beck + ellis cant explain all aspects
• CBT


  cognitive behavioral therapy
• what's the first stage of CBT and explain

  increasing pleasurable activities, scheduling them to improve clients mood
• what's the second stage of CBT and explain

  identify irrational thoughts and note them down for homework as well as good events
• what's the third stage of CBT and explain

  challenge irrational thoughts, test the truth of the thoughts
• what's the lats stage of CBT and explain

  change irrational thoughts, clients mood should have improved
• Study - March et al (2007)


  compared effects of cbt, antidepressants and both on 327 depressives, found 81% improvement in both cbt and antidepressants and 86% improvement using both
• AO3: strength


  no side effects
• AO3: Weakness


  :( expensive and time consuming

  :( requires motivation

  :( may not work for severe cases
• BECKS CBT - name the stages


  - goal setting

  - challenge negative thoughts

  - dysfunctional thought diary

  - homework
• ELLIS REMT - stages

  - challenge and dispute

  logical disputing and empirical

  homework
• Definition of depression


  a low sad state in which life seems bleak and lifes challenges seem overwhelming
• Behavioural characteristics of depression

  Activity levels - reduced energy levels leading to withdrawal from work, education and social life

  Also leads to psychomotor agitation

  Disruption to sleep + eating - insomnia and hypersomnia, increase or decrease in appetite leading to weight gain/loss

  Aggression and self harm - irritability, verbal aggression, physical aggression directed at themself
• emotional characteristics of depression

  Lowered mood, anger, low self esteem
• cognitive characteristics of depression

  Poor concentration

  Dwelling on the negative

  Absolutist thinking
• aaron becks theory of depression

  depression is due to

  - negative schemas

  - faulty info processing

  - the negative triad
• what does the negative triad consist of?

  negative self view

  negative world view

  negative self view
• Boury et als study ?

  monitored students thoughts with the beck depression theory found that depressives misinterpret facts and experiences negatively
• Ellis' ABC model


  activating event, beliefs, consequences
• musturbation


  belief that an individual must meet perfectionist goals
• utopianism

  belief that everything should be fair and equal
• AO3: strength


  Practical application to CBT
• AO3: Weakness


  partial explanation to depression, not all due to an activating event
• General eval
• AO3: strengths


  :) - based on scientific research

  :) - reductionist - single simple treatment
• AO3: Weakness's


  :( - reductionist

  :( - negative thinking could be a symptom not a cause

  :( - beck + ellis cant explain all aspects