music

• Shoenberg was an Austrian-American musician, who followed the expressionist movement and mostly wrote serialist compositions. Within expressionist writing, Schoenberg also innovated the use of ATONALITY. Atonal music is not related to a tonic note and has no sense of key.  
• Another way to achieve music with no feeling of key is to employ Schoenberg's 12 tone technique which is a type of serialism.   
• 12 tone technique


  A type of serialism used to achieve music with no feeling of key
• Twelve-tone technique


  Music based on orderings of the twelve pitches within an octave
• Retrograde


  Playing the original row backwards
• Reversion


  reverse previous 12 tones, eg a b c into c b a
• Expressionist music, what aspects ?


  • High level of dissonance
  • Extreme contrasts of dynamics
  • Constantly changing textures
  • 'Distorted' melodies and harmonies
  • Angular melodies with wide leaps
  • Extremes of pitch
  • No cadences - music doesn't sound complete
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