Animal, plant & bacterial cells

• Cytoplasm


  Most chemical processes take place here, controlled by enzymes
• Cell membrane


  Controls the movement of substances into and out of the cell
• Mitochondria


  Most energy is released by respiration here
• Ribosomes


  Protein synthesis happens here
• Cell wall


  Strengthens the cell-made of cellulose (not bacteria), algal cells also have a cell wall
• Chloroplasts


  Contain chlorophyll, absorbs light energy for photosynthesis
• Permanent vacuole


  Filled with cell sap to help keep the cell turgid
• Bacterial DNA


  Loop of DNA NOT found in a nucleus
• Plasmid (DNA)


  Small ring of DNA often used as a vector in genetic modification
• The nucleus contains the genetic material (DNA) that controls all cellular activities.
• Organelles are specialized structures within eukaryotic cells that perform specific functions.