A plan or something that is conceptualized by the mind
Qualitative Research Designs
A blueprint or a skeletal framework for your research study
Five research designs (Qualitative Research) or Types
Case Study
Ethnography
Historical Study
Phenomenology
Grounded Theory
Case Study
Describe a person, thing, or any creature on Earth for the purpose of explaining the reasons behind the nature of existence
Aim is to determine why such creature acts, behaves, occurs, or exists in a particular manner
Centers on an individual or single subject matter
Ethnography
Involves a study of a certain cultural group or organization in which you obtain knowledge about the characteristics, organizational set-up, and relationships of the group members, in group activities
Historical Study
Determine the reasons for changes or permanence of things in physical world in a certain period (e.g. years, decades, or centuries)
Differs from others due to its scope or coverage of study such as the number of years covered, the kinds of events focused on, and the extent of new knowledge or discoveries resulting from the historical study
The data collecting techniques are biography or autobiography reading, documentary analysis, and chronicling activities
Phenomenology
Is something you experience on Earth as a person
It is a sensory experience that makes you perceive or understand things that naturally occur in life such as death, joy, friendship, caregiving, defeat, victory, and the like
Grounded Theory
Aims at developing a theory to increase your understanding of something in a psycho-social context
Enables to develop theories to explain sociologically and psychologically influences phenomena for proper identification of a certain educational process
Sampling
Your method or process of selecting respondents or people to answer questions meant to yield data for a research study
Sample
The 'chosen ones' from which you will derive facts and evidence to support claims or conclusions propounded by your research problem
Population
Bigger group from where you choose the sample
Sampling frame
The list of the members of such population from where you will get the sample
History of sampling originated back to the early political activities of the Americans
1920
Two sampling strategies
Probability sampling or unbiased sampling
Non-probability sampling
Probability sampling
Involves all members listed in the sampling frame representing a certain population focused on by your study
Non-probability sampling
Disregards random selection of subjects, chosen based on their availability or the purpose of the study, and in some cases, on the sole direction of the researcher
Sampling error
Crops up if the selection does not take place in the way it is planned
Types of Probability Sampling
Simple Random Sampling
Systematic Sampling
Stratified sampling
Cluster sampling
Types of Non-probability Sampling
Quota sampling
Voluntary sampling
Purposive or judgmental sampling
Availability Sampling
Snowball sampling
Observation
A technique of gathering of data whereby you personally watch, interact, or communicate with the subjects of your research
Participant Observation
The observer, who is the researcher, takes part in the activities of the individual group being observed
Non-participation or Structured Observation
The observer is completely detach from the target of observation by just watching and listening to them do their own thing without participation in any of the activities
Methods of Observation
Direct Observation
Indirect Observation
Direct Observation
This observation method makes you see or listen to everything that happens in the area of observation
Indirect Observation
This method is also called behavior archaeology because, here, you observe traces of past events to get information or a measure of behavior, trait, or quality of your subject
Methods of Indirect Observation
Continuous Monitoring or CM
Spot Sampling
Continuous Monitoring or CM
Observation to evaluate the way people deal with one another, common in data gathering technique in behavioral psychology
Spot Sampling
This was done first by behavioral psychologists in 1920 with a focus on researching the extent of children's nervous habits as they would go through their regular personal development in oral manner rather than in written way
Interview
A data gathering technique that makes you verbally ask the subject or respondents questions to give answers to what your research study is trying to look for
Types of Interview
Structured Interview
Unstructured Interview
Semi-structured Interview
Structured Interview
An interview that requires the use of interview schedule or a list of questions answerable with one and only item from a set of alternative responses
Unstructured Interview
In this type, the respondents answer the questions based on what they personally think and feel about it
Semi-structured Interview
You prepare a schedule or a list of questions that is accompanied by a list expressions from where the respondents can pick out the correct answer
Approaches
Individual Interview
Group Interview
Mediated Interview
Individual Interview
Only one respondent is interviewed (one-on-one), the reason is the lack of trust the interviewees have among themselves
Group Interview
You ask the question not to one person, but to a group of people at the same time
Mediated Interview
Not a face-to-face interview for this takes place through electronic communication devices
Mediated Interview Types
Synchronous
Asynchronous
Synchronous
If you talk with the subjects and also find time to see each other
Asynchronous
If only two persons are interviewed at a different time