Bio Topic 3-4 brief

• Mitosis is cell division that creates genetically identical cells
• What is mitosis used for

  Growth, repairing damaged tissue, asexual reproduction
• mitosis is when a parent cell produces two identical daughter cells
• How many divisions does mitosis have

  4
• Interphase is where prepares to divide. DNA unravels and is replicated
• Prophase is when spindle fibers pull dna to opposite sides
• Metaphase is when the chromosomes line up in the middle by the centromeres
• Anaphase is when the centromeres divide and separate each sister chromatids
• Telophase is when 2 identical daughter cells are produced
• Acrosome


  acrosome contains digestive enzymes to breakdown the egg cell zona pellucida to allow the sperm cell the penetrate the egg and fertilize.
• Zona pellucida


  protective layer that sperm must penetrate to fertilize
• what is a gamete

  sex cell that carries 23 chromosomes
• activator

  increases rate of transcription
• repressor decreases rate of transcription
• stem cells can develop into any specialized cell
• Biodiversity is the variety of living organisms in an area
• species diversity is the number of different species
• genetic diversity is the vatiation of alleles in a species
• Endemism is when a species is unique to a place
• Natural selection is due to evolution and increased bio diversity
• Conservation is maintain the species and not making it extinct
• phenotype


  visible characteristic of an organism
• Genotype

  base pairs of organism
• what does the Heterozygosity index measure

  Measures genetic diversity
• whats the formula for Heterozygosity index


  hetrozygotes/population
• Behavioral is the way the oraganism acts
• Physiological are process inside the body that increases organisms chance of survival
• Anatomical are structural features that increase organisms chance of survival
• Mutations can introduce new alleles, increasing variation in the species
• Advantageous is more likely to be passed on as it increases rate of survival
• niche is the role a species has in its habitat
• speciation is the development of new species
• Geographical isolation can lead to the development of new species