The AR of assault is making the victim apprehend immediateunlawfulviolence.
The MR of assault is Intentionally or recklessly making the victim apprehend immediateunlawfulviolence.
An assault crime must have no physicalcontact between D and V to remain an assault crime.
The LP in R v Lamb regarding assault is that there was no unlawfulact as no assault had been committed. This is because the victim did not apprehendviolence.
The AR of battery is applying unlawfulphysicalforce.
The MR of battery is intentionally or recklessly applying unlawfulphysicalforce.
Assault does not have to be immediate as long as it is imminent (Smith v CSWP).
Silence can be an assault (R v Ireland).
Gestures can be enough for an assault (Stephens v Myers).
Words can negate the possibility of violence (Tuberville v savage).
A slight touch can be classified as a battery (Collins v wilcock).
Battery can be done indirectly (Haystead v DPP).
Touching clothing can amount to a battery (R v Thomas).
The MR of ABH is a common assault occasioning actualbodilyharm.
The MR of ABH is the same as the MR of the first commonassault crime.
ABH injuries must be more than trivial and less than serious. They can be psychiatric and clinical, but emotions such as fear or distress do not count (R v Chan-fook).