Biology p1 cells

• types of cells are prokaryotic and eukaryotic
• eukaryotic is plant and animal cells
• prokaryotic is bacteria cells
• • the nucleus contains genetic information and controls activites of the cell
• the cytoplasm 


  is where chemical reaction happens
• cell membrane


  controls what goes in and out of the cell
• mitochondria-


  is where reactions for aerobic respiration take place
• ribosomes


  is where proteins are made
• cell wall


  supports the cell
• vacuole


  contains cell sap
• chloroplasts


  is where photosynthesis takes place and contains chlorophyll
• what's in a plant cell that animal cells don't have

  plant cells have a vacuole, a cell wall and chloroplasts
• what do bacteria cells contain

  cytoplasm, single strand of DNA, cell wall and bacterial DNA
• what do bacteria cells have that plant cells have 


  cell wall and cytoplasm
• image size=magnification times real size
• types of microscope


  light and electron microscope
• adv of electron microscope 


  it gives a higher resolution and you can see structures in a cell that light microscope cant see
• MICROSCOPY PRACTICAL

  -Prepare slide to view onion cell

  -add a drop of water to the middle of the clean slide

  -cut up the onion and separate it into layers-use tweezers to peel off epidermal tissue

  -place epidermis tissue into the water on the slide

  -add iodine solution to the epidermal tissue as it will highlight the objects in the cell

  -place a coverslip on top and try not to get air bubbles as that can construct your view of the specimen
• label the parts on a microscope

  
• cells differentiate to become specialised
• cells that differentiate are used for repairing and replacing cells
• types of specialised cells

  sperm cell-specialised for reproduction

  has a long tail to swim to the egg

  and lot of mitochondria in cell to provide energy
• nerve cell

  specialised for rapid signalling

  their long to cover more distance

  have branched connections to connect to other nerves and form a network
• root hair cells

  specialised for absorbing water and minerals

  have long hair in soil to give a huge surface area for water and minerals

  absence of chloroplast to focus on absorption rather than photosynthesis
• chromosomes


  are coiled up lengths of DNA molecules
• 23 pairs of chromosmes
• each chromosome has genes to control different characteristics
• mitosis:

  Growth and DNA replication

  -before a cell divides it has to grow and increase the amount of subcellular structures

  -then duplicate its DNA-so there one copy for each new cell

  mitosis

  chromosomes line up and cell fibres pull them apart

  nuclei formed as nucleus divided

  the cell membrane and cytoplasm divide

  the cell has produced two daughter cells that contain the same DNA that is identical to their parents