Final Exam

• First National Bank of Boston v. Bellotti (1978)


  Corporate speech is important for democracy
• Citizens United v. Federal Elections Commission (2010)


  Supreme Court ruled that companies could use money to support politicians
• Securities and Exchange Commission (Est. 1929)


  Can shut down the Stock Exchang
• Food and Drug Administration (FDA) (Est. 1906)


  Looks at product packaging claims
• National Labor Relations Board (NLRB) (Est 1935)


  Protects employees and employers and collective bargaining
• Wireless Ship Act of 1910


  Required ships to have radios
• 1912 Radio Act required radio licenses
• 1927 Radio Act created a temporary committee (Federal Radio Commission) to assign licenses
• 1934 Communications Act created the Federal Communication Commission (FCC)
• Red Lion Broadcasting v. FCC (1969)


  FCC's fairness doctrine regulations enhance rather than infringed the freedom of speech protected under the First Amendment
• FCC Judicial Power


  Grand and revoke licenses
• FCC Legislative Power


  Make rules broadcasters must follow
• FCC Executive Power


  Can punish with fines and revoking licenses
• 1990 Children's Television Act


  Requires programming for educational and informational needs

  Requires limited commercial time

  Encourages the use of study guides
• Digital Copyright Millennium Act of 1998


  Music on the internet is now subject to licensing fees
• Carpenter v. United States (2018)


  Cell phone location data is protected data, and the evidence was suppressed
• Packingham v. North Carolina (2017)


  The North Carolina law prohibiting registered sex offenders from accessing various websites, where minors are known to be active and have accounts, regardless of whether or not the sex offender directly interacted with a minor violates the First Amendment
• Fair Use Material can be used for


  Criticism

  Comment

  News Reporting

  Teaching

  Scholarship/Research
• Warhol Foundation v. Goldsmith (2023)


  Supreme Court ruled that Warhol's painting wasn't transformative
• Brazburg v. Hayes (1972)


  Supreme Court ruled that reporters don't have absolute privilege and that courts must decide case-by-case on whether to allow confidential sources