Industrial Britain c1700 - c1900

• How had crime changed in c1700-c1900


  the ways crimes were commited
• how had the rate of crime changed in c1700-c1900


  crime rate rose drastically
• why did crime rate increase during 1700-1850 (4)

  • travelling becoming more common
  • larger towns
  • criminals become more 'profesional'
  • extreme poverty causing 'survival' crimes
• why high way robery increased during the 18th century (3)

  • improved roads (more people traveling)
  • increased trades between towns (more goods and money transported via roads)
  • roads were isolated (easier to get away with robberys)
• what was introduced in 1772 to try and reduce highway robery


  • became a capital crime for anyone found to be armed and diguised on the high way
• ways highway robbery was reduced (3)


  • harsher punishments (capital)
  • mounted patrols
  • growth in railways
• when did highway robbery disappear completly

  1830s
• when did poaching increase

  18th century
• what was the 1723 Waltham black act

  • made poaching a capital crime
  • illegal to carry snares or own hunting dogs on poaching grownds
• how did people view to 1723 waltham black act

  was seen as unfair
• when were poaching laws repealed

  1823
• what years did smuggling increase

  1740 - 1850
• why did smuggling increase (1)

  • high taxes on import goods
• who were the hawkhurst gang

  a large gang of smugglers
• when were taxes cut on goods and how did this affect smuggling

  • cut in 1840s
  • smuggling decreased
• how did people view smugglers

  as heros
• was smuggling common


  yes very common
• how were the charges of treason affected during c1700-c1900

  it decreased
• how was the number of witchcraft prosecution affected

  it declined
• what was the witchcraft act of 1736


  people who claimed to use magic were subject to fines or imprisonment
• why did witchcraft stop being a crime (3)


  • more prosperity and political stability
  • more educated people became less superstitious
  • scientific experiments explained things previously thought to be the work of witchcraft
• the significance of tolpuddle martyrs (4)


  • showed how authority used laws to criminalize people
  • shows how the government protects the interest of employers over workers
  • pardoning of the tolpuddle martyrs shows the impact of public opinions
  • martyrs inspired others to fight for workers rights
• when did the tolpuddle martyrs form the 'friendly society'

  1834
• what society did the tolpuddle martyrs form

  the 'friendly society'
• what were the tolpuddle martyrs protesting for

  for higher wages
• what were the 6 tolpuddle martyrs arrested for

  taking a secret oaths (an old law intended to stop naval mutinies)
• why were the tolpuddlers arested

  government feared they were taking control of their workers
• were the tolpuddlers found guilty

  yes
• what was the tolpuddlers scentences

  the maximum scentences (seven years tranportation to australia)
• why was the tolpuddlers puishment so harsh

  to deter others
• how many signitures were collected to pardon the tolpuddlers

  200, 000 signitures
• what year was the tolpuddlers pardoned

  1836
• how did industrialisation affect crime rate after 1700

  crime increased
• how did law enforcment change after 1700

  there were more offical forms of policing
• what continued re policing into the c1700-c1900 (3)


  • wathcmen patrolled cities
  • parish constables dealt with petty theft
  • soilders put down large protests
• when were bow street runners established and by who

  • 1749
  • by Henry fielding
• why were the bow street runners introduced


  to tackle the huge crime wave of the 17th century london
• who took over the bow street runners in 1754


  John (fieldings half brother)
• when were the bow street runners paid by the government

  1785
• bow street runners were the first modern detective