Freedom

• Free Will - Suggests that humans are free agents, that means, they are beings capable of free action.
• Determinism - Is the doctrine which states that all events, including human actions, are determined by other events or, in the case of human actions, by causes external to the will.
• Jean Paul Sartre

  • “Existence precedes essence.”
  • Atheism: God doesn’t exist, abandoned!
  • No divine conception of human nature; no specific essence
  • You are what YOU make of yourself!
• Existentialist - The themes explored in existentialism include the meaning of existence or being, freedom, anguish, and death.
• Consciousness

  • For Sartre, without consciousness, the world simply appears as it is without a meaning.
  • Constitutes the meaning of things in the world.
  • Things appear as intelligible system of separate and related things only in the consciousness.
• Two Ways of Existence

  1. Being-in-itself (en-soi)
  2. Being-for-itself (pour-soi)
• Two Ways of Existence

  Being-in-itself (en-soi)

  • That which is
  • Non conscious
  • Underivable from God
  • Definable and complete essence
• Two Ways of Existence

  Being-for-itself (pour-soi)

  • Human reality
  • Consciousness
  • Forever sensing temporality
  • Seeking to fulfill itself
  • Desire to unite with In-itself
  • Every aspect of our conscious lives is chosen and is our responsibility
• Pour-soi - Describe human beings, who are defined by their possession of consciousness and, more specifically, by their consciousness of lacking the complete, definable essence of the en-soi.
• En-soi - To describe things that have a definable and complete essence yet are not conscious of themselves or their essential completeness. Example: Trees, rocks, and birds
• Bad Faith - Who believe that our meaning is given to us. In essence, people choose to ignore the fact that they are free creatures.