Ict

Subdecks (5)

Cards (466)

  • Hardware
    Physical components that make up the computer system
  • Hardware
    • Each piece has a specific role in the computer system
    • Can be internal (fixed inside) or external
  • Input devices

    Devices that input data into the computer system
  • Input devices
    • Mouse
    • Keyboard
    • Microphone
    • Barcode scanner
  • Output devices
    Devices that output data from the computer system
  • Output devices
    • Monitor
    • Speakers
    • Printer
    • Projector
  • External storage devices
    Provide external storage or backup solutions
  • To run computer, system must consist of both hardware and software
  • Software
    Programs for controlling the operation of the computer or processing electronic data
  • Types of software
    • Application software
    • System software
  • Application software
    Software with specific tasks (e.g. word processing, spreadsheets, databases, graphics editing, audio/video editing)
  • System software
    Provides services for the computer to operate (e.g. operating system, device drivers, utility software)
  • System software
    • Operating system
    • Antivirus
    • Performance utilities
  • Applets are small computer programs that perform specific tasks within a larger program
  • Applets
    Small computer program that performs a specific task within a larger program
  • Creating content for presentation
    1. Use word processor to type up text
    2. Use spreadsheet software to create a graph
    3. Use graphic editing application to include pictures
  • Producing menus for a restaurant
    1. Use word processing to include text and pictures
    2. Use spreadsheet software to calculate the cost of meals
  • Control and measurement systems
    • Measure conditions to maintain an environment (e.g. temperature in a greenhouse)
    • Automatically take action to control the environment (e.g. turn on heater when temperature drops)
  • Analog signal
    Continuous range of values collected by sensors
  • Digital signal
    Discontinuous values converted from analog signals, understood by computers
  • Analog to digital conversion
    Analog signals from sensors are converted to digital signals using an analog to digital converter so computers can understand them
  • Measuring and control software
    • Measures conditions in an environment (e.g. temperature in a greenhouse)
    • Compares measurements to preset levels
    • Takes control actions (e.g. turn on heater) to maintain desired conditions
  • Sensors placed in a river to check water level, if level rises above 5 meters a flood barrier is raised
  • Sensor data

    Cannot be directly read by computer, requires analog to digital converter
  • Measurement systems
    Take readings and store results, can detect changes in the environment
  • Control systems
    Change the environment, compare sensor values to preset levels and take action accordingly
  • Using computers and sensors to measure temperature has advantages over manual readings, including measurements taken outside school hours, more accurate and consistent readings, and continuous monitoring
  • Devices used in control systems
    • Computer
    • Sensors
    • Analog to digital converter
    • Actuators (e.g. lights, heater, motor, pump)
  • Operating systems
    Manage computer functions including hardware devices, input/output, and provide graphical user interface
  • Utility software
    Maintain computer resources by running specific tasks, e.g. antivirus, performance optimization
  • Device drivers
    Allow hardware devices to run on a computer
  • Linkers and compilers
    Translate programs written in specific languages into executable files that can be run by the computer
  • Examples of system software
    • Operating systems
    • Utility software (e.g. antivirus, device drivers)
  • CPU

    The brain of the computer system, where all the calculating and decision making takes place
  • CPU

    • Modern computers have dual or quad core processors which can process instructions simultaneously and independently
    • Allows an instruction or data to be processed, decoded and executed
  • Processing an instruction
    1. Fetch data and instructions from main memory (RAM)
    2. Decode the instruction
    3. Execute the instruction
  • Primary storage (main memory)

    Holds data, programs and instructions that are currently in use
  • Primary storage
    • Random Access Memory (RAM)
    • Read Only Memory (ROM)
  • Random Access Memory (RAM)

    Temporary storage for instructions being processed by the CPU, volatile (data lost when powered off)
  • Read Only Memory (ROM)

    Holds boot up instructions, non-volatile (data not lost when powered off)