461 Final

• Cnidarians have radial symmetry, diploblastic acoelomates
• Cnidarians have major body plans that are either polyp or medusa
• a cnidocyte is a sensroy effector cell in cnidarians, this contains a nematocyst, cnidocil (trigger), operculum (lid)
• mesoglea is structural for medusa cnidarians
• nerve nets in medusa: nerve rings and ganglia around jellyfish, rhopalium has sensory elements
• ocellus (light), statocyst (balance), inner sensory pit (olfaction)
• life cycles of hydrozoa and Scyphozoa: E+S --> zygote --> planular larva --> polyp --> medusa
• life cycle of anthozoan: E+S --> zygote --> planular larva --> polyp
• Hydrozoa:

  Hydroids: Gymnoblastea, Calyptoblastea

  Siphonophora: Calycophora, Physophorida
• Schyphozoa: Discomedusa
• Anthozoa: Octocorallia, Hexacorallia
• Gymnoblastea: Athecate, anthomedusa, polymorphism
• gymnoblastea: gastrozooid, dactylzooid, goonozooid, skeletalzooid
• gonophores are attached to gonozooids in medusa colonies
• tubularia is in the suborder gymnoblastea
• calyptoblastea: thecate, leptomedusa, gastro and gonozooids
• calpytoblastea: perisarc, hydrotheca, gonotheca
• obelia is in the suborder calyptoblastea
• siphonophora: polymorphic, long strings or bladder, pneumatophores, oleocysts
• siphonophora hydroids: gastrozooid, dactylzooid, gonozooid
• siphonophora medusa: nectophore, bracts, gonophore
• calycophora: cormidium, linear sequence of individuals
• physophorida: portuguese man o war and velella
• schyphozoa: acraspedote (no velum), medusa dominant
• aurelia life cycle: E+S --> zygote --> planular larva --> scyphistoma --> strobilia --> ephyra --> medusa
• anthozoa: neoteny, polyp and solitary only
• coelenteron is divided by septa, stomadeum (mouth), siphonoglyph (cilia on ends)
• octocorallia: soft corals, colonial, 8 septa, one siphonoglyph
• hexacorallia: 6 septa, 2 siphonoglyphs, acontia
• ctenophora are comb jellies with no nematocysts, ctenes, 8 comb rows
• cydippid is an example of a comb jelly, statolith is used as a sense organ
• Porifera: made of spicules, filter feed, no symmetry, no germ layers, no organs
• spongocoel is empty space
• pinacocytes are contractile cells and porocytes of osia bring water in and out
• collar cells capture food and gonads
• layers of porifera complexity: asconoid --> syconoid --> leuconoid
• venus flower basket is an example of hexactinellida
• demospongia is made of protein
• platyhelminthes: bilateral symmetry, triploblastic acoelomates, with cephalization
• tubellaria are not parasitic, hermaphrodites, with statocysts and eye spots